Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Con Stough
Swinburne University of Technology
Keynote: Effect of marine oil extract supplementation on ADHD children and adolescents
Time : 10:00
Biography:
Con Stough is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology at Swinburne University of Technology, Australia, Co-Director of the Swinburne Centre for Human Psychopharmacology. Dr. Stough's main interest lies in the area of cognition and how to improve cognition using nutritional and pharmacological methods. He is a Fellow of the American College of Nutrition and is a member of the editorial board of many journals.
Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of a marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) on inattention, hyperactivity, mood and cognition in children and adolescents. PCSO-524® is a standardised lipid extract of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel containing GLM pat. lipids (50mg) including EPA 7.3mg and DHA 5.5mg; natural mono-unsaturated olive oil 100mg; and vitamin E 0.225mg. PCSO-524® is an inflammatory modulator that inhibits the 5’-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways and decreases concentrations of the pro-inflammatory components. PCSO-524® or a matched placebo was administered for 14 weeks to 144 participants (123 males/21 females; mean age 8.7 years) with high hyperactivity and inattention in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The primary outcome was the Conners Parent Rating Scale assessing parental reports of behavioural problems. Secondary outcomes assessed changes in cognition and mood. Repeated measures ANOVA on post hoc subsample analysis indicated significant improvements in hyperactivity (p=0.04), attention (p=0.02), learning (p=0.05) and probability of ADHD (p=0.04) with a medium to large average effect size (d=0.65) in those children who did not meet criteria for combined hyperactivity and inattention. Furthermore, significant improvements were indicated in a whole sample repeated measures ANCOVA on recognition memory (p=0.02, d=0.56). Conclusions: The results presented indicate that PCSO-524® may be beneficial in reducing levels of hyperactivity and inattention in a population of children with clinical and sub-clinical symptoms of ADHD.
- Track 4: Natural Products Drug Discovery
Track 5: Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry
Session Introduction
Rongshi Li
University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
Title: Unique Drug Discoveries Based on Marinopyrrole and Novel Derivatives
Biography:
Rongshi Li is Professor of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center. Dr. Li spent 14 years in industry advanced from Scientist to Senior Vice President after his postdoctoral training at University of California San Francisco. He began his academic career in 2008 at Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. In 2013, he was recruited to University of Nebraska Medical Center. Since 2008, Dr. Li has published over 20 peer-reviewed articles, filed and published 30 US and PCT patents, edited one book, and delivered over 30 invited talks.
Abstract:
Natural products and their derivatives account for about half of the New Chemical Entities (NCEs) for drug discovery to treat human diseases. For example, 78 of the 118 small-molecule NCEs identified for antibacterial agents were from either natural products or their derivatives during 30 years between 1981 and 2010. For anticancer drug discoveries, 85 of the 175 small molecules, for 70-year span from 1940 to 2010, were from natural products, their derivatives, metabolites and mimics [Newman, DJ and Cragg, GM. J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 75, 311]. To date, natural products have provided the most successful supply of drug leads (Li, R. Med. Res. Rev. 2016, 36, 169]. In this talk, a case study of marinopyrrole and its novel derivatives as potential antibiotic and anticancer agents will be presented. The design, synthesis and optimization of these novel derivatives to achieve improved physicochemical and drug-like properties, and potent biological activities and high selectivity with low toxicity will be discussed.
Dilip Ghosh
Soho Flordis International & NutriConnect, Australia
Title: “Seed to patientâ€: Role in clinically proven natural medicines
Biography:
Dilip Ghosh has received his PhD in Biomedical Science from University of Calcutta, India. Previously, he held positions in Organon (India) Ltd.; HortResearch, New Zealand; USDA-ARS, HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston; The Smart Foods Centre, & Neptune Bio-Innovation Pty Ltd, Australia. He is a most sought after international speaker, facilitator and author. He is a fellow of American College of Nutrition, Professional member, AIFST, and also he is the Editorial Board Member of several journals. He has published more than 70 papers in peer reviewed journals, numerous articles in food and nutrition magazines and 4 books under CRC Press, USA.
Abstract:
Standardized extracts are processed products, where some specific and known components, recognized to contribute more than others to the therapeutic activity, are adjusted to a given amount, within the acceptable tolerance. Standardization is achieved by adjustment of natural substance/herbal preparation with excipients or by blending batches of natural substance/herbal preparations. All the other components are still present in the extract, because the action of the plant may result from the synergistic activity of several constituents. According to the concept of phytoequivalence, a chemical profile, such as a chromatographic fingerprint, for a natural product should be constructed and compare with the profile of a clinically proven reference product. Plants are highly variable by nature and it is a common experience that batches of medicinal plants with similar specifications, as species and part of plant, may have quite different chemical compositions. From many reasons, it is clear that the “generic” concept which is valid for conventional medicines is mainly invalid for “Specifically Clinically Proven” natural medicines. Increasing the quantity and quality of clinical and scientific information on herbal medicinal products will reduce uncertainty in assessment and greatly contribute to decision making related to hazard and risk.
Shin-ichi Kayano
Kio University, Japan
Title: Glucosyl terpenates from the dried fruits of Prunus domestica L
Biography:
Shin-ichi Kayano has graduated from Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Japan, in 1985 and he has worked as a Senior Researcher at Research Institute, Miki Corporation, Japan, until 2004. He was awarded a PhD in Science in 2004 from Osaka City University, Japan, under the supervision of Professor Nobuji Nakatani. The same year, he has changed his job in Kio University and his current position is Professor from 2009.
Abstract:
The chemical structures of 9 compounds isolated from the dried fruits of Prunus domestica L., were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS analyses. Each isolated compound was determined to be scopolin (1), (3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1S-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-2R-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol (3), β-D-glucopyranosyl 9-carboxy-8-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-2E,4E-nonadienate (4), β-D-glucopyranosyl 7-carboxy-2-methyl-2E,4E-octadienate (5), 8-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-2E,4E-decadienedioic acid 1-β-D-glucopyranyl ester 10-methyl ester (6), (3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (7), β-D-glucopyranosyl cinnamate (8), and 2,7-dimethyl-2E,4E-octadienedioic acid (9), respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9 were isolated from Prunus domestica L., for the first time and compounds 4, 5 and 6 were novel glucosyl terpenates. On the basis of the chemical structures of some isolated compounds from Prunus domestica L., a possible biosynthesis pathway of them was also proposed.
Heru Chen
Jinan University, China
Title: Flavones and flavonoids from wild Aquilaria sinensis leaves: In vitro bioactivities and in vivo regulation against impairment of the plant
Biography:
Heru Chen has completed his PhD from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology with Prof. Richard K Haynes as supervisor. He got Post-doctoral training with Prof. Dr. Peter W. Schiller in the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Canada. Then he worked as a visiting scholar in Wuppertal University, Germany. Since March 2008, he has been a full-time Professor and research director in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and serving as Editorial Board Members of several reputed journals.
Abstract:
Aquilaria sinensis is the famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant in Guangdong, south China. The well-known medicinal part is the resin from Aquilaria sinensis, which is the response of the plant against external impairment. Therefore, the formation of resin is an incidental and lengthy process. This makes the resin very scarce and cherish. However, Aquilaria sinensis leaves are abundant and reproducible. The current report focused on the isolation of flavones and flavonoids, the in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo regulation against external impairment of the plant. By applying means of solvent partition and various kinds of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C-18 reverse phase HPLC, and HSCCC, on the basis of physical properties and spectra evidences, 12 flavones and flavonoids have been identified. The scavenging effects on nitrite of these compounds were determined. Compound Y1 (mangiferin) and Y2 (2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4, 6, 4'-trihydroxybenzo-phenone) were identified as the two most active compounds with scavenging rate 29.43%±0.74% and 24.56%±0.77% at the conditions of pH 3, 37℃, and 30 min duration, respectively. Furthermore, the in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition activities of 12 compounds were evaluated by MTT method, respectively. 7 of them were demonstrated good inhibitory activity against DU145, PC-3, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, respectively. It was indicated preliminarily that these compounds may be used as the candidates for developing anti-cancer drug. Most interestingly, as one secondary metabolite, injection of genkwanin with moderate concentration (0.5mM) exhibited significant protective effect against external mechanical and chemical injuries to Aquilaria sinensis plants. Five differential expressed proteins including Armadillo repeat-containing kinesin-like protein-1 (PT/ST promoter) and Tetrathionate response regulatory protein TtrR (TC/MG promoter) were identified using differential proteomics analysis method, and the regulation mechanism of genkwanin against the external impairments of Aquilaria sinensis plants has been demonstrated preliminarily. It is suggested that genkwanin play an important role in defense of external plant impairment.
Biography:
Prof. Dr. Jun Wu has completed his PhD from Peking University in 2001 and win the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2011. He is the director of Marine Drugs Research Center, Jinan University. His research interests focus around bioactive natural products from mangrove plants, mangrove endophytic fungi, and marine dinoflagellates. His group has identified more than 100 new limonoids from mangrove plants of the genus Xylocarpus collected in India and Thailand. Some limonoids exhibited antifeedant, insecticidal, anti-tumor, and anti-infective activities. He has published more than 120 papers which have been cited over 900 times.
Abstract:
Mangrove plants are a large group of different salt tolerant plants growing in tropical and subtropical intertidal estuarine zones. Limonoids, which have been found mainly in plants of the families Meliaceae, Rutaceae, and Simaroubaceae, are modified triterpene derivatives originating from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton displaying four – usually highly oxidized – rings (designated as A, B, C, and D) in the intact triterpene backbone. The mangroves of the genus Xylocarpus are known to produce a variety of antifeedant limonoids, especially mexicanolides and phragmalins. During the recent ten years, my team has identified more than 150 new limonoids from mangrove plants of the genus Xylocarpus collected in south China, India, and Thailand. More than 30 limonoids, such as xylogranatins F-R (1-13), andhraxylocarpins A-E (14- 18), and thaixylomolins A-C (19-21) (Fig. 1), are compounds with new skeletons. These limonoids exhibited plentiful chemical diversity. It is suggested that environmental factors might play the leading role in the generation of structural diversity of limonoids from those mangroves. The study also demonstrates that mangroves of the genus Xylocarpus are a rich source for the production of limonoids with novel carbon frameworks.
Lei Wang
Jinan University, China
Title: Bufadienolides with cytotoxic activity from the skins of Bufo bufo gargarizans
Biography:
Lei Wang has completed his PhD from China Pharmaceutical University and Postdoctoral studies from Jinan University. He has published more than 52 papers in reputed journals and has applied 5 patents.
Abstract:
The toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor is distributed in most regions of China. The dried skin of B. bufo gargarizans has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (‘Chan-Pi’ in Chinese) for the treatment of tumor, carbuncle, scrofula and heart failure. Cinobufacini (Hua-Chan-Su) injection, prepared from the skins of B.bufo gargarizans, has been widely used in clinical cancer therapy in China for a long time. Pharmacological studies revealed that this injection has antitumor and anti-hepatitis B virus activities. The bioactive constituents of cinobufacini injection were considered to be bufadienolides. Bufadienolides are typically C-24 steroid with a characteristic α-pyrone ring at C-17 position, which attracted much attention of pharmacologists due to their significant antitumor activities. Recent research on the action mechanism revealed that bufalin could activate ClC-3 Cl− channel and induce apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Although about forty bufadienolides had been isolated from the skins of B. bufo gargarizans, further investigation to exploit other bioactive compounds and trace constituents of this commercial toad skin are necessary. As a part of our work to discover new potential anti-tumor agents, twelve new bufadienolides (1-12) and fourteen known ones (13-26) were isolated from the skins of B. bufo gargarizans. Among them, compound 1 was an unusual bufadienolide with 3,19-epoxy moiety. Compounds 2-3 and 4 were rare bufadienolides possessing 10-H atom and 10-carboxyl unit, respectively. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds against HepG2, A549 and HeLa cell lines were evaluated. Six new compounds (2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12) displayed significant anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.049 to 1.856 μM. Arenobufagin (24) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 value 0.011 μM.
Lei Wang
Jinan University, China
Title: Bufadienolides with cytotoxic activity from the skins of Bufo bufo gargarizans
Biography:
Lei Wang has completed his PhD from China Pharmaceutical University and Postdoctoral studies from Jinan University. He has published more than 52 papers in reputed journals and has applied 5 patents.
Abstract:
The toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor is distributed in most regions of China. The dried skin of B. bufo gargarizans has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (‘Chan-Pi’ in Chinese) for the treatment of tumor, carbuncle, scrofula and heart failure. Cinobufacini (Hua-Chan-Su) injection, prepared from the skins of B. bufo gargarizans, has been widely used in clinical cancer therapy in China for a long time. Pharmacological studies revealed that this injection has antitumor and anti-hepatitis B virus activities. The bioactive constituents of cinobufacini injection were considered to be bufadienolides. Bufadienolides are typically C-24 steroid with a characteristic α-pyrone ring at C-17 position, which attracted much attention of pharmacologists due to their significant antitumor activities. Recent research on the action mechanism revealed that bufalin could activate ClC-3 Cl− channel and induce apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Although about forty bufadienolides had been isolated from the skins of B. bufo gargarizans, further investigation to exploit other bioactive compounds and trace constituents of this commercial toad skin are necessary. As a part of our work to discover new potential anti-tumor agents, twelve new bufadienolides (1-12) and fourteen known ones (13-26) were isolated from the skins of B. bufo gargarizans. Among them, compound 1 was an unusual bufadienolide with 3,19-epoxy moiety. Compounds 2-3 and 4 were rare bufadienolides possessing 10-H atom and 10-carboxyl unit, respectively. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds against HepG2, A549 and HeLa cell lines were evaluated. Six new compounds (2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12) displayed significant anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.049 to 1.856 μM. Arenobufagin (24) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 value 0.011 μM.
Xin Liu
Third Military Medical University, China
Title: Kukoamine B Ameliorates Rodent Polymicrobial Sepsis via Simultaneous Blockade of Primary PAMPs and Induced Inflammatory Disorderss
Biography:
Dr. Xin Liu received his Ph.D. in Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China in 2010. He serves as an associated professor in the same institute currently. The research interest of Dr. Liu lies mainly on investigating therapeutic intervention of sepsis by means of natural products. Dr. Xin Liu co-operated with his fellow researchers to screen more than 140 traditional Chinese herbs and identify a couple of novel anti-sepsis compounds. The most recent finding of kukoamine B, an alkaloid compound isolated from Cortex Lycii, has been translated into a new drug development study which is now in phaseâ… study in China.
Abstract:
Kukoamine B (KB) is a alkaloid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Cortex Lycii. KB has been identified as a novel dual antagonist for LPS and CpG DNA, two major pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for triggering sepsis. However, its inhibitory effects against LPS and CpG DNA in vivo and the potential therapeutic implications in treating sepsis needs to be well elucidated. In this study, the impact of KB on survivals of different rodent sepsis models was analyzed. Organ distribution and clearance of LPS and CpG DNA in the presence of KB were detected. The antagonistic effects of KB against LPS and CpG DNA, including inflammatory associated cytokines production, coagulation parameters, major organ functions were evaluated in rats CLP model. We found that KB could bind bacterial LPS from different bacterial origins and inhibit the induced release of pro inflammatory cytokines. KB attenuates the activity of LPS and CpG DNA in vivo, accelerates their circulatory clearance and increases liver uptake. KB effectively improves the survival of different murine sepsis models. KB also ameliorates the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and serum biomarkers of sepsis in CLP rats. KB is efficacy in reversing their acidosis state, suppressing DIC and organ dysfunctions and limiting acute lung injuries secondary to sepsis. Overall, KB is effective in simultaneously blockade of LPS and CpG DNA in vivo and improves the outcomes in rodent sepsis models. KB may become a promising candidate drug for the treatment of sepsis.
Ning Wang
Third Military Medical University, China
Title: Dual targets guided screening and isolation of bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese herbs for the discovery of novel therapeutic implications in treating sepsis
Biography:
Dr. Ning wang received her Ph.D. in Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China in 2013. She serves as a supervising technician in the same institute currently. The research interest of Dr. Wang lies mainly on biosensor based screening and isolation of bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese herbs. She also focus on developing experimental animal models for sepsis. Dr. Wang also assists Dr. Xin Liu in the finding of kukoamine B, an alkaloid compound isolated from Cortex Lycii, which is currently in phaseâ… study in China.
Abstract:
Sepsis is a major medical problem for critical ill population. Treating sepsis remains challenging at present. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial DNA/CpG DNA are important pathogenic molecules and drug targets for sepsis. It is thus a promising strategy to treat sepsis by discovering agents that neutralize LPS and CpG DNA simultaneously. In this study, we present evidences of the biosensor based screening and isolation of active anti sepsis fractions and monomers from traditional Chinese herbs using dual targets (LPS and CpG DNA) guided drug discovery strategy. Firstly, LPS or CpG DNA was immobilized on surfaces of cuvettes in the biosensor to establish a screening platform. Then, extracts of 114 kinds of traditional Chinese herbs were screened for the binding affinity with LPS and CpG DNA. In subsequent experiments, chromatography was utilized and coupled with the biosensor to purify fractions from those herbal extracts with a higher affinity for LPS and CpG DNA. In line with affinity assay, these fractions were shown to neutralize LPS and CpG DNA and inhibit their activity in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, a contributing monomer Kukoamine B (KB) was purified. KB neutralized LPS and CpG DNA in vitro. It inhibited TLR4, TLR9 and MyD88 mRNA expressions up regulated by LPS and CpG DNA and also attenuated the LPS and CpG DNA elicited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein in RAW 264.7 cells. It also protected mice from lethal challenge of heat killed E. coli, a mixture of LPS and CpG DNA. In conclusion, we presented a dual target guided discovery of a novel anti sepsis agent KB from traditional Chinese herbs via combination of biosensor technology and chromatography methods.
Dawood Ahmed
University of Haripur, Pakistan
Title: Study of phytochemical and antitumor activity of the Taraxacum Officinale L. on rat
Biography:
Dr. Dawood Ahmed has completed his PhD from Arid Agriculture University Rawal Pindi Pakistan. He worked as medical lab technologist in multiple organizations. He is working as a assistant professor in Medical Lab Department, University of Haripur . He has published multiple papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and protective effects of Taraxacum officinale against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Whole plant powder was used for proximate analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extract were carried out according to standard procedures for the presence of different bioactive compounds (Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids). All fractions were evaluated for in vitro biological assays. Exposure of rats to CCl4 revealed marked injuries including pulmonary fibrosis, alveolar breakage, blood capillaries congestion of lungs; in liver fatty changes, cellular hypertrophy, necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltrations, degeneration of the lobular shape, formation of septa and dilation of central blood vessel were observed; in kidney interstitial fibrosis, tubular degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed; in adrenal glands accumulation of fatty droplets and hyperplasia were observed; in testis degeneration of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells and interruption in meiosis were seen. All above changes caused by CCl4 were significantly repaired by the administration of extract of Taraxacum officinale .It also markedly increases the level of TBARS and nitrites along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes , i.e., catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Supplementation of Taraxacum officinale (100, 150, 200 mg/kg body weight orally) once a week for 16 weeks results in decrease of TBARS and nitrite, while increase in antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px and GSH contents. The results obtained in this study suggested that extract of Taraxacumofficinale possess antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anticancer effects which might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds; flavonoids, tannins,saponins and alkaloids .Further studies are required to isolate the majorbioactive constituents and to verify both in vitro and in vivo assays.
Dawood Ahmed
University of Haripur, Pakistan
Title: Study of phytochemical and antitumor activity of the Taraxacum Officinale L. on rat
Biography:
Dr. Dawood Ahmed has completed his PhD from Arid Agriculture University Rawal Pindi Pakistan. He worked as medical lab technologist in multiple organizations. He is working as a assistant professor in Medical Lab Department, University of Haripur . He has published multiple papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and protective effects of Taraxacum officinale against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Whole plant powder was used for proximate analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extract were carried out according to standard procedures for the presence of different bioactive compounds (Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids). All fractions were evaluated for in vitro biological assays. Exposure of rats to CCl4 revealed marked injuries including pulmonary fibrosis, alveolar breakage, blood capillaries congestion of lungs; in liver fatty changes, cellular hypertrophy, necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltrations, degeneration of the lobular shape, formation of septa and dilation of central blood vessel were observed; in kidney interstitial fibrosis, tubular degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed; in adrenal glands accumulation of fatty droplets and hyperplasia were observed; in testis degeneration of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells and interruption in meiosis were seen. All above changes caused by CCl4 were significantly repaired by the administration of extract of Taraxacum officinale .It also markedly increases the level of TBARS and nitrites along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes , i.e., catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Supplementation of Taraxacum officinale (100, 150, 200 mg/kg body weight orally) once a week for 16 weeks results in decrease of TBARS and nitrite, while increase in antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px and GSH contents. The results obtained in this study suggested that extract of Taraxacumofficinale possess antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anticancer effects which might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds; flavonoids, tannins,saponins and alkaloids .Further studies are required to isolate the majorbioactive constituents and to verify both in vitro and in vivo assays.
Anjum Perveen
University of Karachi, Pakistan
Title: In vitro antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity of various extracts of pollen of Nelumbo nucifera: Nelumbonaceae
Biography:
Anjum Perveen has completed her PhD in Botany: Plant Taxonomy: Palynology: from University of Karachi-Pakistan, and Post-doctoral studies from Stockholm University-Sweden, on Swedish Scholarship in 2002. She is the Professor and Director of Centre for plant Conservation (Botanic Garden and Herbarium) University of Karachi, She has completed many research projects funded by Pakistan Science Foundation and Higher Education Commission”. Her ongoing project is on “Seed preservation of wild plants of Pakistan and pharmacogonostic studies of seeds of medicinally important plants. She has attended and presented papers in many international and national conferences, 8th Scandinavian Research conference on GIS, Norway (2001), 24th TWAS-International workshop on development of medicine, 13th International Palynological Congress 10th International Organization of Palaeobotany Conference held in 2012 Tokyo, Japan, World Biodiversity Congress (WBC-2014) held in November, 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Shakoori Gold Medal was awarded to her on research work on Biological field. She has published more than 125 research papers in reputed journals
Abstract:
Ethnopharmacology is the systematic study of substances in plants used to cure common diseases and their relationship with the ethnic/local people. Antioxidant potential of the pollen of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn using Ferric Reducing Power, Metal Chelating Activity and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays has been carried out in the current research work. The antioxidant components were initially extracted from the pollen in methanol and were further fractionated in solvents of different polarity such as n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Water. The extract was then employed for ABTS.+ assay to determine free radical scavenging ability, FRAP assay to identify ferric reducing ability and metal chelating ability for its chelating potential. Moreover, to correlate antioxidant ability with its phytochemical composition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. TEAC values ranged from 6.0-9.1 mM of trolox equivalents. Total Phenolic Content values ranged from 5410-8150 mg/l of Gallic Acid. Ferric reducing antioxidant power values for different fractions varied from 49.6-87.5 of FeSO4. Methanol extract which was found to have high reducing power and total phenolic contents has considerable prospective to utilize as a natural antioxidant and be capable to link with the total phenolic contents of plant.
Shawky Mohamed Aboelhadid
Beni Suef University, Egypt
Title: Control of sarcoptic mange in rabbits using lemon oil
Biography:
Shawky Mohamed Aboelhadid has completed his PhD from Cairo University. He was the Director of Project Funding Unit in Beni Suef University for 2 years. Also he was the former Head of Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University. He has published more than 30 papers in regional and international journals. He is also a Reviewer of some reputed journals.
Abstract:
The toxicity effect of lemon oil (Citrus limon) on Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The mite samples were collected from naturally infected rabbits. The lemon oil was prepared in six concentrations by dilution with distilled water or 70% ethyl alcohol (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 & 100%). In vitro application was done in 5 replicates for each concentration. The readings of treatment were recorded at 1, 12 and 24 hours post application (PA). Field trial was done by using 20% lemon oil. Twenty four naturally infected rabbits were divided into 3 groups 8 in each; lemon oil 20% and deltamethrin treated and untreated control groups. The infected parts of rabbits were treated topically once a week for 4 successive weeks. In vitro applications showed that lemon oil 10% & 20% diluted in water caused toxicity to 99.80% and 100.00% after 24 hours PA respectively. Oxidative stress profile in treated mites revealed that treated mite by lemon 20% had significantly (P<0.05) highest hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in compared with mite treated by deltamethrin or distilled water. Otherwise, glutathione peroxidase was significantly (P<0.05) different between treated groups. In vivo application of 20% lemon oil showed complete recovery from clinical signs, absence of mite from microscopic examination from the second week of treatment. In addition, productive performance in lemon treated group was significantly better than infected untreated groups. Also, the treated tissue showed stoppage of scales formation and hair growth faster than deltamethrin treated rabbits. Consequently, lemon oil has remarkable miticidal effect in vitro and in vivo applications.
Shamsun Nahar Khan
East West University, Bangladesh
Title: New class of alpha glucosidase inhibitors and its kinetic mechanism in the management of type-II diabetes
Biography:
Shamsun Nahar Khan has recently completed her Post-doctoral studies from Harvard University, USA in 2013 on the Structure of 7SK snRNA by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). She completed her PhD in 2008 from H E J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan. She is the Chairperson and Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Bangladesh. She is holding 7 US patents and published more than 40 research papers in the International journals. She is young affiliated fellow of World Academy of Sciences as well as member of RSC (Royal Society of Chemical Sciences). She is also a member of Global Young Academy of Sciences (GYA).
Abstract:
α-Glucosidase is a membrane bound enzyme at the epithelium of the small intestine that catalyzes the cleavage of glucose from disaccharide. α-Glucosidase enzyme inhibitors act by suppressing the digestion process of dietary carbohydrates. α-Glucosidase enzyme inhibitors (AGIs) are one of the approaches to control the blood sugar levels for type-2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is occurred due to the deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas. AGIs are given with meals and they function by slowing the breakdown of the complex sugars into glucose. This cause a delay in glucose absorption and lower blood sugar levels, following meals. The AGIs may be used alone or in combination with other medications for diabetes. Inhibition of α-glucosidases causes abnormal functionality of glycoproteins because of incomplete modification of glycans. Suppressions of this process are involved expected for antiviral activity and decreasing of growth rate of the tumor. We have recently focused our efforts on the discovery of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors due to its important role in different clinical and pathological condition. As an outcome of this study, several classes of new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources such as terpenoids, flavonoids, iridoids, phloroglucinols, anthranols, physalins and acridone alkaloids were identified. 3-dimensional structure activity relationship studies and enzymatic mechanistic studies of these new inhibitors will be discussed in detail in the presentation.
Rama Swamy Nanna
Kakatiya University, India
Title: Screening of new ethnomedicinal properties of aqueous leaf extracts of Senna alata
Biography:
Rama Swamy Nanna has completed his PhD from Kakatiya University, Warangal- Telangana State, India and Postdoctoral Studies from Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He is Coordinator, UGC-SAP-DRS-Phase-II, Dept. of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University. He has published 126 research publications in National and International reputed journals. He has been serving as Editorial Board Member and Reviewer of reputed Journals and he has authored/edited fifteen Textbooks and Research monographs. He visited Netherlands, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Sri Lanka, Brazil and USA on various Research Fellowship Programs and also to deliver plenary lectures in international conferences.
Abstract:
The species Senna alata L. Roxb (Fabaceae), commonly known as Ringworm Senna or Candle Brush Tree or Seven Golden Candle Sticks is an important medicinal and ornamental plant. The plant parts are used in the treatment of intestinal parasites, ringworm, scabies, eczema, tinea infections, itches, insect bites, and herpes. A set of pharmacological parameters of aqueous leaf extracts of the species were determined. Acute toxicity studies were conducted till a dose of 5000 mg/Kg which found to be safe without causing any side effects or change in the behavioural patterns of the animals. However, a dose of 200 mg/Kg body weight was selected for the present study. In the present investigation, antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of S. alata also has been carried out in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. The decrease in both the parameters i.e., fasting and post treatment glucose level the blood glucose levels were comparable to that of the standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). The antihyperglycemic effect of S. alata on post treated blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats was assessed on 1st, 7th and 15th day. There was also a decrease in the hyper lipedimic profile associated with diabetes i.e., total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels in the test group on the 15th day in alloxan induced diabetic rats. From this it was experimentally proved that the plant can be used as a potent drug preparation for treatment of diabetes in experimental rats and the use of this plant in Human diabetes will be discussed.
Aman Dekebo
Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
Title: Bioactive compounds from different Commiphora species of Ethiopian and Kenyan origin
Biography:
Aman Dekebo attended his elementary and junior education in Schools in Arsi region. After Ethiopian Higher Education Entrance Examination, he joined Addis Ababa University and received BSc in Chemistry (July 1990). He was then recruited at Gondar College of Medical Sciences. Then, he joined department of Chemistry, Addis University and received his MSc degree in 1997 and pursued his PhD in the same University. In August 2007, he did his PhD in Bio-Organic Chemistry, Ehime University, Japan. Then he joined Ambo University as and then transferred to Adama Science and Technology University (November 9, 2012-present). He participated in several national and international conferences and presented his works. So far, he has published his works in more than 25 papers in reputable journal.
Abstract:
Ethiopia is well known since ancient times as the original source of a variety of natural products such as civet, coffee, myrrh, frankincense, etc. Six known compounds were identified in myrrh, the resin of Commiphora myrrha. However, several other compounds were also reported in the literature to occur in myrrh when in fact these compounds are constituents of adulterants of myrrh. In the course of our work, we have clarified the adulterants responsible for the reported compounds. C. sphaerocarpa afforded a new furanosesquiterpene (1E)-8,12-epoxygermacra-1,7,10,11-tetraen-6-one together with the known compounds. Two new octanordammarane triterpenes, 15ï¡-hydroxymansumbinone and 28-acetoxy-15ï¡-hydroxymansumbinone, and the known compounds mansumbinone, mansumbinol, (16S, 20R)-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-one and T-cadinol were isolated from C. kua. Four novel lignans, erlangerin A, erlangerin B, erlangerin C and erlangerin D were isolated from the resin of C. erlangeriana. The toxicity of Erlangerins was studied by measuring the viability of two human (HeLa and EAhy926) and two murine (L929 and RAW 264.7) cell lines. As assessed by the MTT assay, the effect of Erlangerin C and D closely follow the activity profile of podophyllotoxin and they induced a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in the murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) and a cytostatic effect in HeLa, EAhy926 and L929 cells. In contrast, Erlangerins A and B suppressed cell viability at relatively higher concentrations [EC(50) values higher than 3 μM as compared with nM concentration range for Erlangerins C and D and podophyllotoxin] and their activity appears to be consistent with a cytotoxic mode of action in all cell lines studied.
Vijai K Agnihotri
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, India
Title: Metabolic profiling, isolation, cytotoxicity and quality assessment of Saussurea lappa from the western Himalaya, India
Biography:
Vijai K Agnihotri has received his PhD from CSIR-III Medicine, Jammu, India/Kanpur University. After completing his PhD, he moved to NCNPR, University of Mississippi, USA for Postdoctoral studies. He has then joined CCRAS (AYUSH) as a Consultant in India. Presently he is working as Scientist at CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, India. He is a Member of several Editorial Boards of international journals, national and international societies and Reviewer of several international repute journals. His interest in chemical, toxicological and pharmacological research resulted in more than thirty high impact publications, patents and books.
Abstract:
Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae) is one of the best known species within the genus Saussurea, commonly known as costus and kuth. Costus roots have usage in oriental medicinal systems for curing of disorders such as asthma, diarrhea, vomit, colic, cholecystitis, cancer, arthritis, cough, indigestion, viral diseases and hepatitis. Phytochemical investigation of S. lappa roots extract resulted in the isolation of isoalantolactone, β-cyclocostunolide, α-cyclocostunolide, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamyl-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, alantolactone, sucrose and proceraursenyl acetate. The root extract, fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and C-6 (rat glioma) cell lines using the Sulphorhodamine B assay. Isoalantolactone and alantolactone exhibited higher cytotoxicity against these both cell lines. Beside this, S. lappa roots extract, fractions and other isolated compounds demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity hence, the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), UPLC/MS/MS (ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) and GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) based metabolic study on its roots and upper parts have been carried as any possible insight into the range of secondary metabolites present is highly desirable. This metabolic study resulted in identification of 82 major and minor metabolites from the upper parts and roots respectively. Higher level of biologically active sesquiterpene lactones such as alantolactone (121.7±1.5 mg g-1 dry extract) and isoalantolactone (111.7±0.6 mg g-1 dry extract) were observed in roots. Chromatographic method has been also developed for separation of active sesquiterpene lactones (isoalantolactone and alantolactone) for quality control using UPLC/MS. NMR based quantification of thirty nine components was also carried out.
Ajanaku C O, Mordi R C
Covenant University, Nigeria
Title: Evaluation of the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of crude extract of Crateva adansonii plants
Biography:
Ajanaku Christiana Oluwatoyin, is an Assistant Lecturer, Covenant University, she completed her Bachelor’s degree and Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE), from University of Ibadan (1992, 2004) and M.Sc from Covenant University in 2012. She is a member for Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, (STAN) and member of Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN), she taught in different public and private secondary schools and at different capacities. She is in organic/natural product chemistry and also in food chemistry research cluster. Her career plan is to complete A Ph.D programme in the area of Organic Chemistry (Natural Product) as well as nurture, learn and grow in a formidable research cluster.
Abstract:
Activities of crude extract of Crateva Adansoniileaves, stem and roots were evaluated. Crude methanol extracts of Crateva Adansonii leaves, stem and roots were obtained by cold maceration. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were carried out against six bacteria i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and two fungi which includes Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using agar dilution method. The phytochemical screening was carried out according to phytochemical analysis of plant extract thin layer chromatography and preliminary screening method of phytoconstitute by Sofowara, Trease and evans and Harbone was followed. The plant extract contains alkaloids like morphine and boldine. Extract also contains tannins, saponin, terpenoid and steroid. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of Crateva Adansonii contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.
Aderanti Oluwaseun Hefsiba
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Title: Bioactive properties of Murraya paniculata Linn Jack plant
Biography:
Aderanti Oluwaseun Hefsiba completed her Bachelor of Forest Resources Management with Second Class Upper Division from University of Ibadan in the year 2015. She was the Ex-chequer of the Forest Resources Management Student Association. She equally holds Diploma Certificates in Community health, Occupational health and Family planning from School of Hygiene, Ibadan. She is currently a National Youth Service Corp member.
Abstract:
Muraya paniculata is grown in Nigeria for aesthetics whereas, the medicinal value of the plant is yet to be exploited. It has been shown that the plant possess many medicinal uses. This study was designed to determine the bioactive properties of M. paniculata plant. Leaves bark and roots were collected from a single home grown tree at University of Ibadan. Samples were washed, air dried for 60days and ground into powdery form. From each component part, 100g of the powdered sample was extracted in 500mL of ethanol for 24 hours and allowed to stand at room temperature. Supernatant was carefully decanted, filtered and evaporated over water bath at 60ºC. Solid extract obtained was used for yield determination of bioactive substances, phyto-chemical analysis and FT-IR. Inhibitory zones of ethanolic extract and ampicillin was compared using clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Experimental design used was CRD. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α.05. Yield of bioactive compounds significantly differ from each other with leaves having 62.2%, bark 74.6% and root 67.6%, respectively. Tannin (0.050±0.001%) and cardiac glycosides (0.2103±0.001%) occurred only in the bark. Extracts from bark (27±0.58%), leaves (22.33±0.67%) and root (17±1.15%) significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli compared to that of Ampicillin (17±0.58%), (16±0.58%) and (16.33±0.33%). Chemical groups in the plant parts among others were alcohol, alkene, carboxylic acid and in different wavelengths. Bioactive substances were more in the bark and more effective in inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria.
Shih-Yu Lee
National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
Title: Rhodiola crenulata extract regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism via activation of the AMPK pathway
Biography:
Shih-Yu Lee has completed his PhD in Taiwan and did Postdoctoral studies in Imperial College London for six months. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine in the National Defense Medical Center. He has published more than 3 papers about Rhodiola crenulata in reputed journals and still working on it.
Abstract:
Background: Metabolic syndrome may lead to many complications, such as non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A natural and effective therapeutic agent for patients with NAFLD is urgently needed. In a previous study, we showed that Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK signaling. However, the manner in which RCE regulates hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism remains unclear. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of RCE on hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods: Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with RCE for 6 hours under high glucose conditions, after which glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis and relative gene expression were examined. In addition, lipogenesis related genes were investigated in vivo. Results: RCE significantly increased glycogen synthesis and inhibited lipogenesis, while regulating genes related to these processes, including glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), glycogen synthase (GS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). However, the effects caused by RCE were neutralized by compound C, an AMPK antagonist. Further studies showed that expression levels of lipogenic genes decreased at the protein and mRNA levels in the rat liver. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that RCE regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism through the AMPK signaling pathway. These results suggest that RCE is a potential intervention for patients with NAFLD.
Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Title: Natural neuro-protective agents from Nigerian ethnomedicine
Biography:
Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye has completed her PhD in Pharmacognosy from Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. She is an award winning Natural Product Researcher with particular interest in medicinal plants and memory enhancing. She is the current Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan and has published several papers in reputable journals
Abstract:
Strategies and relative mechanisms that protect the central nervous system from neuronal degeneration are called neuroprotection. The degeneration of neurons especially those of the CNS, often lead to an irreversible deterioration of the cognitive and intellectual faculties. These conditions known as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, Lewy body dementia and are characterized by gradual onset of progressive symptoms like language deficit, difficulty in learning and memory loss. Ageing is closely associated with NDs and is a major risk factor among other etiological factors such as genetic, environmental, infection etc. Aggregations of proteins, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and loss of neurotransmitters have also been reported to be common to the pathology of ND. Symptoms of ND especially loss of memory have been adequately managed by traditional medical practitioners all over the world. With the associated side effects of clinically available drugs such as amantadine, mementine, donepezil, selegitine, galantamine and rivastigmine, as well as their high cost of purchase and inconvenience of dosing, there has been a focus on herbs and other natural products used in ethnomedicine for age related CNS disorders. This is in addition to the need to develop newer drugs for better efficacy of treatment. Some natural neuroprotective agents from Nigeria ethnomedicine as well as their relevance in the management of certain neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.