Biography:

Puongtip Kunanusorn, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. She has done her PhD from Chiang Mai University. She has published about 12 papers in many journals and has been serving as a reviewer of many well-known journals. Her research fields include pharmacological activities of medicinal plants, especially, anti-ulcer, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as toxicological studies (acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies).

Abstract:

Zingiber simaoense Y.Y.Qian is a member in the Zingiberaceae family.
In Thai traditional medicine, its rhizome has been used to relieve gastric disorders. The gastroprotective activity of Z. simaoense rhizome ethanol extract (ZSE) in experimental models in rats and some possible mechanisms to preserve gastric wall mucus have been reported. The aims of the present study were to find out the gastric healing activity of ZSE using acidified ethanol induced gastric ulcer model in rats, and to investigate more about the possible mechanisms of its gastroprotection using the methods of pretreatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) and a sulfhydryl (SH) compound blocker (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM) in rats. The results showed that ZSE at the dose of 240 mg/kg could accelerate the gastric ulcer healing when observed on day 4 and 8, after ulcer induction. Pretreatment with L-NAME or NEM could inhibit gastroprotective activity of ZSE. In conclusion, the present study shows the gastric healing activity of ZSE, and the possible mechanisms of gastroprotection of ZSE may also involve its cytoprotective effect through gastric mucosal NO and SH compounds.

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Abstract:

Phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from brown algae exhibit various beneficial biological activities. Sargassum tenerrimum  , marine brown algae were collected from Gulf of Mannar, Mandapam Island, India. Solvent extraction of phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from S. tenerrimumwas was carried out using chloroform: methanol: water in the ratio 4:2:1. The presence of phenol and fucoxanthin in extracts were analyzed qualitatively by phytochemical screening and confirmed by FTIR analysis.  Ferrous Reducing Antioxidant power (FRAP) of crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthin shows  reducing power of 0.098 ± 0.095 and  0.00216 ± 0.00 (g of ferrous sulphate equivalent/g of sample ). The IC₅₀ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of phlorotannin was found to be 820.2 ± 36.7 and  for fucoxanthin was found to be 726.75 ± 42.1 (µg/ml). Total antioxidant activity of crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthin was found to be 0.12 ± 0.002, 0.56 ± 0.028 g/of ascorbic acid equivalent/ g of sample), respectively.The results of total antioxidant power (TAP) assay, Ferrous Reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity suggested that crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthinare had appreciable antioxidant activity. The cell proliferation assay using prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) showed that the IC₅₀ value for phlorotannin and fucoxanthin was found to be 58±3.2 µg/mL and 60±2.8 (µg/mL) and the cytotoxicity is dose dependent. The phase contrast microscopic image of the phlorotannin and fucoxanthin treated PC3 cell lines showed shrinkage and other morphological abnormalities. The PC3 cells exhibited cellular DNA fragmentation when treated with  the extracted phlorotannin and fucoxnthin and the DNA fragmentation pattern was found to be similar  in the treated cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that phlorotannin and fucoxanthin suppressed the expression of BCL-2 (antiapoptotic protein) and enhanced the expression of Bax (proapoptotic protein)  with β-actin as a control in treated and control PC3 cells. The present study suggests that phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from marine brown algae could be explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents for anticancer therapy

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Abstract:

Traditional African Medicine (TAM) is one of the oldest and perhaps the most diverse of all medicine systems with different healing practices. Despite the growing attention given to traditional medicine (TM) worldwide, there is no well-known, publicly available, integrated bio-pharmacological TAM database for researchers in drug discovery. It is hypothesized that TAM database would offer comprehensive information relating to TAM-associated drugs, disease symptom, and protein relationships. TAM database will form an outline to accelerate novel drug discovery of many diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, sickle-cell anemia, diabetes, hypertension and mental disorders. TAM database is a platform to build up a bio-pharmacological TAM network to explore the potential active compounds, functional mechanisms and its targets for drug discovery. The idea to develop TAM database tools is unconventional because it will accelerate the development of new therapy for many tropical diseases by reducing the time consumed, money spent, and toxicity occurrence which are the causes of hurdles in drug development.

Biography:

Heru Chen has completed his Ph.D from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology with Prof. Richard K. Haynes as supervisor. He got postdoctoral training with Prof. Dr. Peter W. Schiller in the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Canada. Then he worked as a visiting scholar in Wuppertal University, Germany. Since March 2008, he has been a full-time professor and research director in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and serving as editorial board members of several reputed journals.

Abstract:

Aquilaria sinensis is the famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant in Guangdong, south China. The well-known medicinal part is the resin from Aquilaria sinensis, which is the response of the plant against external impairments. Therefore, the formation of resin is an incidental and lengthy process. This makes the resin very scarce and cherish. However, Aquilaria sinensis leaves are abundant and reproducible. The current report focused on the isolation of flavones and flavonoids, the in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo regulation against external impairment of the plant. By applying means of solvent partition and various kinds of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C-18 reverse phase HPLC, and HSCCC, on the basis of physical properties and spectra evidences, 12 flavones and flavonoids have been identified. The scavenging effects on nitrite of these compounds were determined. Compound Y1 (mangiferin) and Y2 (2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4, 6, 4'-trihydroxybenzo-phenone) were identified as the two most active compounds with scavenging rate 29.43%±0.74% and 24.56%±0.77% at the conditions of pH 3, 37℃, and 30 min duration, respectively. Furthermore, The in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition activities of 12 compounds were evaluated by MTT method, respectively. 7 of them were demonstrated good inhibitory activity against DU145、PC-3, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, respectively. It was indicated preliminarily that these compounds may be used as the candidates for developing anti-cancer drug. Most interestingly, as one secondary metabolite, injection of genkwanin with moderate concentration (0.5mM) exhibited significant protective effect against external mechanical and chemical injuries to Aquilaria sinensis plants. Five differential expressed proteins including Armadillo repeat-containing kinesin-like protein-1 (PT/ST promoter) and Tetrathionate response regulatory protein TtrR (TC/MG promoter) were identified using differential proteomics analysis method, and the regulation mechanism of genkwanin against the external impairments of Aquilaria sinensis plants has been demonstrated preliminarily. It is suggested that genkwanin play an important role in defense of external plant impairment.

Figure 1.   Flavones ans flavonoids from the wild Aquilaria sinensis leaves

Figure 2. Genkwanin protects external impairment of Aquilaria sinensis plant           

Biography:

Khetbadei L H Hadem has completed her PhD in Biochemistry from North Eastern Hill University, India. She is currently working as a Post-doctoral Fellow under the UGC-PDF scheme in the Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India. She has attended workshops and has presented papers in seminars and conferences. Her technical expertise includes maintenance and ethical handling of laboratory animals and cell cultures, enzymology, molecular biology, microscopy, standard chromatography procedures, and working with modern advanced scientific instruments. Her current work involves chromatographic profiling and characterization of plant active compounds and assessing the anticancer properties in human cancer cell lines through gene expression and protein expression analysis.

Abstract:

Traditional healthcare system is widely practiced in rural areas of India. Aristolochia tagala is one among the plants used by several traditional practitioners in different herbal preparations for treatment of cancer and other pathophysiological conditions. Our previous studies have reported the chemo-preventive potential of crude aqueous-methanol extract of A. tagala against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BALB/c mice. The identification of biologically active compounds can give an insight into the mechanism of action of A. tagala as a potential anticancer drug. In this study, the crude methanol extract of A. tagala was fractionated by column chromatography. The fractions were further validated for their antioxidant property by their ability to scavenge free radicals such as superoxide, nitric oxide and ABTS radical cation. The preliminary cytotoxic effect of the plant as well as the fractions against cancerous cells was carried in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by colorimetric MTT metabolic activity assay. The fraction with λ max 323, 290, 258 nm showed the highest scavenging activity. The fraction also showed a more efficient cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. The 50% inhibition of proliferation by the fractionated compounds was at lower dose compared to crude extract. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and apoptotic events induced by fractions and crude extract is being carried out. Purification and characterization of above fraction with anticancer compounds are underway. 

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Abstract:

The adverse side-effects associated with chemotherapy during cancer treatment have shifted considerable focus towards therapies that are targeted but devoid of toxic side-effects. In the present study, the antitumorigenic activity of thuja, the bioactive derivative of the medicinal plant Thuja occidentalis, was evaluated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying thuja-induced apoptosis of functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells were elucidated. Our results showed that thuja successfully induced apoptosis in functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells. Abrogation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevention of p53-activation, knockdown of p53 or inhibition of its functional activity significantly abridged ROS generation. Notably, under these conditions, thuja-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis was reduced, thereby validating the existence of an ROS-p53 feedback loop. Elucidating this feedback loop revealed bi-phasic ROS generation as a key mediator of thuja-induced apoptosis. Thuja-induced generation of ROS at the first phase was instrumental in ensuring activation of p53 via p38MAPK and its nuclear translocation for transactivation of Bax, which induced a second phase of mitochondrial ROS to construct the ROS-p53 feedback loop. Such molecular crosstalk induced mitochondrial changes i) to maintain and amplify the thuja signal in a positive self-regulatory feedback manner; and ii) to promote the mitochondrial death cascade through cytochrome c release and caspase-driven apoptosis. These results open the horizon for developing a targeted therapy by modulating the redox status of functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells by thuja.

Biography:

Oluwakemi Osunderu has her expertise in evaluation medicinal products and passion in improving the health and wellbeing. Her evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new pathways for improving healthcare. She has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both ion the field and education institutions. The FEDCAM is an Agency of the Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract:

Medicinal plants are used to address the twin problems of promoting sustainable livelihoods and treatment of numerous illnesses in Nigeria. The study examined the medicinal value of forest products in the treatment of cancer in South-west Nigeria. Primary data was obtained in a cross section survey of 327 respondents comprising 127 Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs), 100 Orthodox Medicine Practitioners (OMPs) and 100 respondents from the General Public drawn by multistage sampling technique from the study area. Interview schedule was used in collection of data on the effectiveness of forest products in cancer treatment. Economic tools of Gini coefficient and budgetary analysis were equally used in the analysis to show income inequality in the market and profit making by TMPs. The contribution of forest products to health care in terms of cancer treatment was evaluated through income, profit and production cost. The result showed that seven species were identified belonging to seven different families; Rutaceae, Asteraceae, Anarcardiaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, Guttiferaceae and Leguminaceae topped the TMPs priority list. Result of economic analysis shows minimal competition in the anti-cancer forest product market and a high level of monopoly with a Gini coefficient of 0.83. The rate of return on investment was 180 .08% indicating that the TMPs were making profit. Five of the plants were tested against cancer cell lines MCF7 and Hs578T while Doxorubicin (a synthetic anticancer drug) was used as the control treatment. Three plants; Saccharum offinarum (Stem), Sucurinega virosa (Root) and Piper guineensii (Seed) produced no result; Garcinia kola (Bark) did not exhibit any anticancer effect even at a concentration of 10u1/m1 while only one plant species was effective against the cancer cell line at 1u1/m1. It is therefore concluded that forest products are effective in treatment of cancer.

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Abstract:

Objective: Research was conducted to find out the cytoprotective role of T. officinale against the injuries of the tissues induced by carbon tetrachloride.

Material & Methods: Different fractions of the plant were used in vitro and in vivo biological assays. Furthermore, in order to evaluate anti-tumor activity, experimental animals were grouped into 10 batches of 12 male rats in each group. Control group (Group 1), normal water and food were given; and Group II were subjected to dose of chemicals used as a vehicle drugs. Group III all rats of this group (n-12) were injected intraperitoneally with CCl₄ (8 mL/kg of rat b.w.) mixed with olive oil in proportion of 0.5:4.5 once a week for 18 weeks.  All rats of this group (Group IV) were treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. of rutin (50 mg of rutin in 4 mL of DMSO) as positive control (reference drug) (Group V) were treated by CCl₄ (8 mL/kg of animal b.w.) dissolved with olive oil in proportion of 0.5:4.5. After 48 hours, the methanol plant extract and n-hexane extract dissolved in DMSO was given orally once a week for 18 weeks with proportional increase of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg for (Group V), (Group VI), (Group VII), (Group VIII) and for (GroupIX ), (Group X) only plant extracts in methanol and n-hexane.

Results: Histopathological and biochemical study is also evident for the protective effects of T. officinale. CCl₄ group showed the severe damages to the tissues and tumor related changes whereas, at the same time, the leaf extracts of T. officinale in methanol and n-hexane prevent the tissue injuries and maintain the normal histological features of the tissue. Biochemical study also reflected the same preventive effects of T. officinale extracts. The protein level was increased, while the activity of CAT, POD and SOD was decreased in the CCl₄ group as related to control and T. officinale extracts ingested groups.

Biography:

V Saio has completed her PhD in Biochemistry from the North Eastern Hill University, India. She is presently working as a Young Professional-II in the Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India. She has attended and presented papers in seminars, published four papers in national and international journals. She has strong domain knowledge with experiences in a wide range of laboratory techniques including enzymology, molecular biology, bioassay development, cell culture and handling of modern advanced scientific instruments. Her current work involves bioassay study of medicinal plants of North Eastern region of India in relation to their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial properties, antiviral properties, anticancer properties and subsequent chemical analysis of the plants to isolate and identify active principles

Abstract:

Rhododendron arboreum, traditionally used as a folk remedy by the people of North-East India was investigated for its effects on apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Study of the gene expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation was carried out using real time PCR technique. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxic effect of aqueous-methanol extract of R. arboreum was determined. Treatment with the plant extract showed distribution of cells between late apoptotic and necrotic phases and caused cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase. R. arboreum extract up-regulated the gene expression of caspase 8, caspase 9, caspase 3, p53 and p21, thus indicating a switching on of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways resulting in DNA damage which in-turn up-regulated p53. There was significant down-regulation in the gene expression of G₀/G₁ phase-related proteins CDK 1, cyclin B1, CDK 4 and cyclin D1 in comparison to untreated HeLa cells, inferring an inhibitory action of the plant extract on the cyclin dependent kinases and activation of cell cycle check-points. Results demonstrated that R. arboreum could be a potential anti-cancer agent by its mechanism of inducing apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells.

Biography:

Muyiwa Arisekola is a Student Researcher. He finished his Bachelor of Technology degree in Pure and Applied Chemistry. His vision is to parlay his passion for Organic Chemistry into a career in Natural Products Chemistry with a view to drastically minimizing the side effects associated with the use of drugs in the management of diseases.

Abstract:

Anti-inflammatory activity of the volatile oil of Raphia australis pulp: This is a measure of the ability of the volatile oil of Raphia australis to inhibit inflammation and thus be used in the management of inflammatory disorders. Inflammation is the immune response of the body to thermal, mechanical, microbial or chemical injury. The volatile oil of Raphia australis was extracted in hexane using Clevenger apparatus, after which the GC-MS analysis of the oil was carried out. The anti-inflammatory test was done using four groups (1, 2, 3, and 4) of rats comprising six rats per group. Group one were administered normal saline (0.09% v/v NaCl) while group1, 2 and 3 were administered 40 mg/kg (volatile oil), 80 mg/kg(volatile oil) and 100 mg/kg aspirin, respectively. Inflammation was induced in all the groups using lipopolysaccharide thirty minutes after treatment by gavage. The major constituents obtained from the GC-MS analysis of the volatile oil are: n-hexadecanoic acid (34.0%), tetradecanoic acid (9.5%), terpinolone (9.1%), dodecanoic acid (9.6%), hotrienol (8.8%), alpha-terpine-1,4-diene ( 8.0%), trans-benzalacetone (8.2%), lauric acid (9.6%). It can be concluded that the 80 mg/kg dose of the oil showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect (P<0.01) when compared to 100 mg/kg of aspirin (P<0.01). The analgesic activities of aspirin (P<0.05) and the 80 mg/kg dose (P<0.05) of the oil were only significant in the inflammatory phase of the analgesic test. This work, therefore, justifies the use of hexadecanoic acid- rich oil in the management of arthritis in Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine.

Biography:

Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi has completed his PhD from the University Malaya, Malaysia. He is the Director of Center of Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery. He has published more than 12 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Supervisor for more than ten students for master and PhD program. His research interests are: Isolation, structure elucidation of bioactive natural products compounds by spectroscopic techniques NMR, IR, UV, MS, and CD from medicinal plants with emphasis on anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity.

Abstract:

Phytochemical investigation of C. zedoaria resulted in the isolation of 21 compounds. Isolated compounds include 18 sesquiterpenes and three labdane diterpenes. Various chromatographic techniques were used for the detection and isolation of the compounds. Extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR, IR, UV, GC-MS, LC-MS were used for the identification of the isolated compounds. Isolated compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective assays. Curcumenol and dehydrocurdione showed the highest protection (100%) against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in NG108-15 cells at the concentrations of 4 and 8 µM, respectively. In the oxygen radical anti-oxidant capacity assay, zerumbone epoxide showed the highest antioxidant activity with a Trolox equivalent (TE) of 35.41 µM per 100 µg of sample. In the MTT based cytotoxicity assay against four cancer cell lines (Ca 41 Ski, MCF-7, PC-3 and HT-29), curcumenone and curcumenol displayed strong anti-proliferative activity (IC₅₀ 8.3 and 9.3 µg/ml, respectively). A quantum chemical study was performed to investigate their relationship with cytotoxic activity and revealed that the dipole moment (µ), molecular volume (V), molecular area (A), polarizability (α) and hydrophobicity (log P) are the most important descriptors that influence the cytotoxic activity of the compounds under investigation. The two most active compounds; curcumenol and curcumenone were investigated for their binding to human serum albumin (HSA). The spectroflurometric analysis, in conjunction with molecular docking study suggested that both curcumenol and curcumenone could bind to binding sites I and II of HSA with intermediate affinity while site I was the preferred binding site for both molecules.

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Abstract:

 On a pilot plant scale, water extracts of marine biomass or plants were processed using an extraction–concentration procedure achieved in a three-step process, including ultrasound-assisted water extraction followed by cross-flow microfiltration of the crude extract and its concentration by reverse osmosis. As the processing conditions were milder than for homemade preparations, the extract obtained was enriched in natural leaf flavonoids. At each step of the pilot plant process, the co-products obtained were analyzed for total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents by the UV–vis spectrophotometric method. The process allowed a better leaf water-extraction of polyphenol compounds than the homemade extraction. The crude extract was concentrated 28 times (v/v) at room temperature by membrane volume reduction, and the total content of polyphenol compounds of the concentrated extract was 17 times higher than those of the crude extract. Individual polyphenol compounds were characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis at _max = 325 nm. Additional structure characterization was carried out for the two major flavonoid compounds found (65% of total HPLC-DAD peak area of the flavones-type compounds) in the water extracts by tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS2) and by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR).

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Abstract:

Abstract

Homeopathic remedies are reported to have healing potential for various diseases including cancer although the mechanism underneath their anticancer effect has remained unexplored. To this end we attempted to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of the homeopathic remedy, Calcarea carbonica and simultaneously investigated the detail molecular mechanism underlying this drug-induced tumor regression.

Results

Interestingly, although Calcarea carbonica administration to Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC)- and Sarcoma-180 (S180)-bearing Swiss albino mice resulted in 30-35% tumor cell apoptosis, it failed to induce any significant cell death in ex vivo conditions. These results prompted us to examine whether Calcarea carbonica employs the immuno-modulatory circuit in asserting its anti-tumor effects. In tumor-bearing mice, there was profound depletion of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells in peripheral blood, the dominance of type-2 T helper cells and inhibition of T cell proliferation. Calcarea carbonica, in turn, prevented such loss of effector T cell repertoire, reversed type-2 cytokine bias and attenuated tumor-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation in tumor-bearing host. To confirm the role of immune system in Calcarea carbonica-induced cancer cell death, a battery of cancer cells were co-cultured with Calcarea carbonica-primed T cells. Our results indicated a "two-step" mechanism of the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by Calcarea carbonica, i.e., (1) activation of the immune system of the host; and (2) induction of cancer cell apoptosis via an immunomodulatory circuit in a p53-dependent manner by down-regulating Bcl-2: Bax ratio. Bax up-regulation resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and cytochrome c release followed by activation of caspase cascade. Knocking out of p53 by RNA-interference inhibited Calcarea carbonica-induced apoptosis thereby confirming the contribution of p53.

Conclusion

These observations delineate the significance of immuno-modulatory circuit during Calcarea carbonica-mediated tumor apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified may serve as a platform for involving homeopathic inclusions into immunotherapeutic strategies for effective tumor regression. 

Biography:

Anupam Maurya has completed his PhD from Dr. R M L Avadh University. He has worked as a Research Scholar at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP). Currently, he is working as a Scientific Officer at Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and one US patent.

Abstract:

Natural products have been a key source for the discovery of new drugs. Isolation of the active components from a natural product has always been associated with complex separation problems due to the enormous chemical complexity of the extracts, but recent advances in separation sciences have facilitated the isolation of these active components from natural products. At present, the used adsorbents SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are not chemical inert. Separation of natural products on alumina or silica gel sometimes results in recovery of only 70-90%. Sometimes severe losses of valuable materials result because of irreversible adsorption on a solid support. In addition, isolation of artifacts has also been reported due to chemical reaction of the substrates with solid phase adsorbents. A fast centrifugal partition chromatograph (FCPC), which utilizes centrifugal force to enhance phase separation, provides a new dimension in the area of separation science. FCPC is based on liquid-liquid partitioning and is an excellent alternative to circumvent the problems associated with solid phase adsorbents and to preserve the chemical integrity of mixtures subjected to fractionation which provide recovery more than 90%. CPC relies on the partition of a sample between two immiscible solvents to achieve separation. The relative proportions of solute passing into each of the two phases are determined by the respective partition coefficients. CPC has been successfully used for the separation of a wide variety of natural products and synthetic molecules. We applied this method for the large-scale separation of alkaloids, steroidal glycoalkaloids, nitrile glycoside and the tri-terpenes.

Biography:

Subash Chandra Verma did her MSc in Pharma Chemistry and PhD in Chemistry from CCS University, India. He has worked as a Research Scholar at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) and Research Officer (Chemistry) at Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Currently, he is working as a Principal Scientific Officer at Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals, 03 US patents and 04 Indian patents. He has more than 15 year’s research experience.

Abstract:

Herbs and botanicals are used throughout developed and developing Countries as home remedies, dietary supplements, over-the-counter drug products and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and represent a substantial proportion of the global drug market. However, the quality control and quality assurance of herbs and botanicals still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. Herbs contain numerous active compounds responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a challenge in establishing the standardization of herbs and botanicals. It is therefore essential to develop internationally recognized pharmacopoeial standards of herbs and botanicals. Curcuma longa L. (Family Zingiberaceae) is a perennial herb commonly known as turmeric or Haldi. The major and most bioactive constituent of C. longa rhizome is curcuminoids possessing antioxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, wound healing, anticancer, antitumor, antiviral and anti HIV properties, etc. The lack of standardization and quality control C. longa is still being problem. It seems to be necessary to determine the maximum yield of curcuminoids in order to ensure the reliability and repeatability of pharmacological and biological activity to enhance product quality. Standardization of C. longa were carried out in respect of macro and microscopic characters, thin-layer chromatography, quantitative parameters (foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive and water-soluble extractive), other requirements (heavy metals, microbial contamination, pesticide residues and aflatoxins) and assay of markers. C. longa rhizome contains not less than 2.0% of total curcuminoids. Developed pharmacopoeial standard ensure its quality and safety as per international norms.

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Abstract:

The demand for herbal based product such as toothpaste is high these days. Consumers believed by using herbal based toothpaste are safe, effective and less toxicity because less and only safe chemical used as compared to the synthetically produced toothpaste. Therefore, this study was aimed to formulate and evaluate new polyherbal toothpaste which containing herbal extracts that used to treat periodontal problem. The polyherbal toothpaste was formulated using polyherbal extracts namely Neem, Pudina, Clove, Tulsi, Myrrh, Elachi, Sunthi. The formulations were subjected to various evaluation tests like pH, spreadability, abrasiveness, foaming ability, cleaning ability, fineness, moisture and volatile content, tube inertness, test for F, Pb, As and stability studies. The formulation showed very good anti-microbial profile during microbial assay. The formulated toothpaste showed potent inhibition against gram positive bacteria but not against gram negative bacteria. Thereby, it opens a window for future study to enhance the ability of the toothpaste and to prove the efficacy and safety of the formulated toothpaste.

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Abstract:

The biosynthesized Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most effective antimicrobial agents that are used in the medicine and pharmaceutics due to their outstanding optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic and properties. The detectable antimicrobial action of silver bionanoparticles on many microorganisms are reported.

 The main objective for undertaking the present study was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of the AgNPs by natural thermophilic Bacillus Sps. AZ1 and AZ2 that were isolated from a hot spring (Tata Pani) in Kotli AJK. Afterwards the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticle was evaluated against several human pathogenic organisms.

The biosynthesized AgNPs were confirmed visually by appearance of a dark brown color formation in the mixture as well as silver surface plasmon resonance band by using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The AgNPs were further characterized by SEM, EDX and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was investigated using Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Staphylococcus aureus, by applying disk diffusion method.

 Identification of the strains AZ1 and AZ2 by the 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 99% sequence homology between Bacillus megaterium and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The obtained UV-Visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ions, showed a peak at 435 nm which indicates a correspondence to the plasmon absorbance of the silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs were found to be in the size range of ~7-31 nm with spherical in shape.The antibacterial effect of the particles showed the highest inhibitory effect against the two strains; E. coli, and S. typhi, respectively.

The current study of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles offer a simple green synthesis process for the production of an extracellular nanoparticles which is environmental friendly. Biosynthesis of the AgNPs by a thermophilic bacillus Sps. from the hot spring (Tata Pani) in Kotli AJK with the highest similarity to Bacillusmegaterium and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are reported for the first time.