Natural Products Chemistry and Research

Natural Products is a concoction compound or substance created by a living creature—that is, found in nature In the broadest sense, regular items incorporate any substance delivered by life. Characteristic items can likewise be arranged by concoction combination (both semi synthesis and aggregate blend) and have assumed a focal part in the advancement of the field of natural science by giving testing manufactured targets. The term normal item has likewise been stretched out for business purposes to allude to beautifiers, dietary supplements, and nourishments created from characteristic sources without included counterfeit fixings. Inside of the field of natural science, the meaning of Natural Products is normally confined to mean decontaminated natural mixes segregated from common sources that are created by the pathways of essential or optional digestion system. Inside of the field of therapeutic science, the definition is regularly further limited to auxiliary metabolites. Auxiliary metabolites are not crucial for survival, but rather all things considered give life forms that deliver them a transformative point of interest. Numerous optional metabolites are cytotoxic and have been chosen and upgraded through advancement for use as "synthetic fighting" operators against prey, predators, and contending life forms. Characteristic items once in a while have pharmacological or organic action that can be of helpful advantage in treating infections. All things considered, common items are the dynamic parts of most conventional solutions as well as numerous cutting edge drugs. Moreover, in light of the fact that the basic assorted qualities of characteristic items surpasses that promptly achievable by compound amalgamation, and engineered analogs can be arranged with enhanced strength and wellbeing, common items are frequently utilized as beginning stages for medication revelation. Actually, characteristic items are the motivation for roughly one portion of U.S. Nourishment and Drug Administration-affirmed drug

Natural products play an important role in drug discovery. About more than 50 percent of FDA-approved drugs were Natural products or natural products derivatives.

 For thousands of year’s natural products have played a very important role in health care and prevention of diseases.  It is estimated that about 70% of the supply of herbal raw material for Ayurveda and other homeopathic medicines in India comes from the wild. To meet the increasing demand for raw material, to conserve wild resources, and to reduce the potential variability in the active ingredient content in medicinal plants from different collection areas, it is important to implement more controlled cultivation programs to ensure quality and to protect resources. 

The global market for botanical and plant-derived drugs was valued at $23.2 billion in 2013 and $24.4 billion in 2014. This total market is expected to reach $25.6 billion in 2015 and nearly $35.4 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% from 2015 to 2020.

The branch of Science concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources Pharmacognosy is in the strict feeling of the word came after investigation of phytochemicals. These are chemicals gotten from plants. In a smaller sense the terms are regularly used to depict the substantial number of auxiliary metabolic mixes found in plants. A significant number of these are known not security against bug assaults and plant ailments. They additionally show various defensive capacities for human purchasers. Phytochemistry can be considered sub-fields of Botany or Chemistry. Exercises can be driven in natural greenery enclosures or in the wild with the guide of Ethnobotany. The uses of the order can be for Pharmacognosy, or the disclosure of new medications, or as a guide for plant physiology contemplates. Phytochemical procedure mostly applies to the quality control of Chinese solution, Ayurvedic medicine(Indian conventional drug) or home grown prescription of different concoction segments, for example, saponins, alkaloids, unpredictable oils, flavonoids and anthraquinones. In the advancement of quick and reproducible expository strategies, the blend of HPLC with diverse locators, for example, diode cluster indicator (DAD), refractive record finder (RID), evaporative light disseminating identifier (ELSD) and mass spectrometric locator (MSD), has been generally created.

For thousands of year’s Pharmacognosy and natural products have played a very important role in health care and prevention of diseases.  It is estimated that about 70% of the supply of herbal raw material for Ayurveda and other homeopathic medicines in India comes from the wild. The global market for botanical and plant-derived drugs was valued at $23.2 billion in 2013 and $24.4 billion in 2014. This total market is expected to reach $25.6 billion in 2015 and nearly $35.4 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% from 2015 to 2020.

Chromatography is a process for the separation of compounds from the mixtures.  The separation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant extract is the crucial step in the study of phytochemicals. Over the past few years, the applications of Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) in natural product analysis have been dramatically growing because of the increasingly improved separation and detection capabilities of LC/MS instruments. In particular, novel high-resolution hybrid instruments linked to ultra-High-Performance LC and the hyphenations of LC–MS with other separation or analytical techniques greatly aid unequivocal identification and highly sensitive quantification of natural products at trace concentrations in complex matrices.

The Chromatography industry is showing growth rapidly, with value expected to hit 228 billion dollars by 2016, up from 164 US billion dollars in the year of earlier 2010, growing annual growth of nearly 7%, according to a recent industrial marketing research report. Geographically, global separation technique market has been segmented into four areas namely, North America, some parts of European region, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. The global gas chromatography market, valued at $2,583.6 million in earlier 2014, is possibility to march up to $3,605.1 US million by 2019 at a CAGR of 6.9%.This global market report categorizes the market into 3 wide segments, like, Instrumentation, Accessories & Consumables, and Reagents.

Natural products research continues to explore a variety of lead structures, which may be used as templates for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. These approved substances, representative of very wide chemical diversity, continue to demonstrate the importance of compounds from natural sources in modern drug discovery efforts.  There is no doubt that natural products have been, and will be, important sources of new pharmaceutical compounds.  Natural products research is undergoing a second golden age driven by genomics, advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of natural product biosynthesis, chemical biology solutions to identifying molecular targets and mechanism of action, and new analytical techniques. In particular, natural products from marine organisms have delivered unique molecular scaffolds that interact with cellular macromolecules and pathways, altering phenotype and physiology in ways not seen by molecules from other sources. In addition to informing scientists of how biological systems function, the role of natural products as ligands with highly specific affinities for disease-relevant targets has presented opportunities for designing therapies for human disease including cancer, neurological disorders, and many infectious pathogens.

Natural products have been a rich source of compounds for drug discovery. Natural products remain the best sources of drugs and drug leads, and this remains true today despite the fact that many pharmaceutical companies have deemphasized natural products research in favor of HTP screening of combinatorial libraries during the past 2 decades. An integrative approach by combining the various discovery tools and the new discipline of integrative biology will surely provide the key for success in natural product drug discovery and development. Natural products can be predicted to remain an essential component in the search and development for new, safe and economical medicaments. Pharmaceutical industry must awaken in this case to change its mindset and reorient its resources towards the natural product-based drug discovery programs.

Natural products and their derivatives have long been of interest in the fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine because of their unique structural diversity, numerous biological activity, and medicinal properties. Natural product based drug discovery and development is a highly integrated multidisciplinary approach. A significant fraction of the drugs are either natural products or are derived from natural products. Natural products represent a unique and rich source of therapeutic agents and lead structures for new drug discovery.

Natural products, including plants, animals and minerals have been the basis of treatment of human diseases. Nevertheless, ancient wisdom has been the basis of modern medicine and will remain as one important source of future medicine and therapeutics. History of medicine dates back practically to the existence of human civilization. Historically, the majority of new drugs have been generated from natural products (secondary metabolites) and from compounds derived from natural products.

Pharmacognosy provides the tools to identify select and process natural products destined for medicinal use. Usually, the natural product compound has some form of biological activity and that compound is known as the active principle-such a structure can act as a lead compound. Many of today’s medicines are obtained directly from a natural source.

Agriculture Chemistry is the Study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation. Agriculture Chemistry helps to develop new chemicals to increase crop production, to maintaining or improving the yield, defend against pests, and protect the environment. 

Phytochemistry describes the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants. Many of these are known to provide protection against insect attacks and plant diseases. They also exhibit a number of protective functions for human consumers. Phytochemistry can be considered sub-fields of Botany or Chemistry. Phytochemistry is widely used in the field of Chinese medicine especially in the field of herbal medicine. It is important to use the phytochemical methods to screen and analyse bioactive components, not only for the quality control of crude drugs, but also for the elucidation of their therapeutic mechanisms.

Within the field of organic chemistry, the definition of natural products is usually restricted to mean purified organic compounds isolated from natural sources that are produced by the pathways of primary or secondary metabolism. Within the field of medicinal chemistry, the definition is often further restricted to secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are not essential for survival, but nevertheless provide organisms that produce them an evolutionary advantage. Many secondary metabolites are cytotoxic and have been selected and optimized through evolution for use as "chemical warfare" agents against prey, predators, and competing organisms, natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semi synthesis and total synthesis) and have played a central role in the development of the field of organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets. The term natural product has also been extended for commercial purposes to refer to nutri cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients. Heterocyclic compounds can be usefully classified based on their electronic structure.

In 2011 the global in vitro toxicity testing market was valued at $4 billion and more than $4.9 billion in 2012. In 2017 this is estimated to reach nearly $9.9, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7% for the five-year period, 2012 to 2017. The global in vitro toxicity (predictive toxicity) testing market is valued at more than $1.3 billion in 2010.  Due to increased awareness of animal welfare in laboratory research testing, the in vitro toxicity testing market has an anticipated value of $2.7 billion in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% between 2010 and 2015.Cosmetics and personal-care industry accounts for more than 50% of the market share is accounted This sector is currently valued at $702 million and is expected to reach $1.3 billion by 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1%. The pharmaceuticals segment is one of the most significant with a 32% market share valued at $424 million in 2010. By 2015, this sector is projected to reach a value of $976 million, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2%. An overview of the global toxicity testing market is obtained by analyses of market trends. The two major technology-based approaches utilised are mechanistic and nonmechanistic

Natural Products are the source of numerous pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents, and it is reasonable to believe that there are additional agents in existence that remain undiscovered. These natural products are probably defence chemicals targeting and inhibiting the cell division processes of invading plant pathogens. The biofuels produced from the renewable resources could help to minimize the fossil fuel burning and CO2 production. Biofuels produced from biomass such as plants or organic waste could help to reduce both the world’s dependence on oil and CO2 production. These biofuels have the potential to cut CO2 emission because the plants they are made from use CO2 as they grow. Biofuels and bioproducts produced from plant biomass would mitigate global warming. This may due to the CO2 released in burning equals the CO2 tied up by the plant during photosynthesis and thus does not increase the net CO2 in the atmosphere.

Many drugs used today are from plants or are derived from plants. Approx. one-half of all licensed drugs that we were registered worldwide in the 25y period prior to 2007 were natural products or their synthetic derivatives. A review article on the sources of new drugs about 30 year period from 1981 to 2010 shows that a large percentage came from natural sources. It was also reported that among 19 natural product based drugs which were approved for marketing worldwide in between the year 2005 to April 2010, seven were classified as natural products, 10 semi-synthetic natural products and 2 natural product-derived drugs.

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Natural products play an important role in drug discovery. About more than 50 percent of FDA-approved drugs were Natural products or natural products derivatives.

For thousands of year’s natural products have played a very important role in health care and prevention of diseases.  It is estimated that about 70% of the supply of herbal raw material for Ayurveda and other homeopathic medicines in India comes from the wild. To meet the increasing demand for raw material, to conserve wild resources, and to reduce the potential variability in the active ingredient content in medicinal plants from different collection areas, it is important to implement more controlled cultivation programs to ensure quality and to protect resources.

The global market for botanical and plant-derived drugs was valued at $23.2 billion in 2013 and $24.4 billion in 2014. This total market is expected to reach $25.6 billion in 2015 and nearly $35.4 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% from 2015 to 2020.