2^nd International Conference and Exhibition on Marine Drugs & Natural Products June 15-17, 2017 London, UK

Biography:

Hye-Jin Kim completed her B.S. in Biotechnology, Soonchun hyang University, South Korea and M.S. in Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, South Korea. Currently she is working in Pres. Researcher, KIOM (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine)

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Women who have experienced menopause are at greater risk for immune imbalance including hormone problem. Estrogens are involved in immune response at least of the humoral immunity and androgens and progesterone. However, hormone replacement therapy has limitations of breast cancer incidence. Herbal medicines, which have less adverse effects, have received attention to compensate for the problems related to hormone replacement therapy. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the immunological efficacy of T. tetragonioides (TT) using ovariectomized animal models.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: TT has been used for improving women’s health and treating inflammatory diseases. The sequencing analysis from the nuclear genome makes the internal transcribed spacer region a valuable resource for plant species identification. We sought to investigate the effects of TT the level of inflammation markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ) using ovariectomized mice.

Findings: As a result of ITS gene analysis, 20 individuals collected from different region showed 99% homology. IL-1β, IL-2, IL‐12, IL‐17, and IFN‐γ in CD4+T cells were significantly reduced in ovariectomized animal model. It also showed an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In addition, they displayed significant immuno modulating activities including inhibition of generation of TNF-α, IL‐1β and IL-12 of immune cell cytokine production in mesenteric lymph node, whereas increased the cytokine of IL-4 and IL10.

Conclusion & Significance: These results suggest to target the modulation of inflammatory immune responses for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and related diseases.

Biography:

Sunmin Park is a Full Professor of Nutrition at the Korean Academy of Science and Technology. She has expertise in the study of diabetes with an emphasis on the etiology of Asian Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 diabetes involves various organs of the body, and much of her recent research has focused on the modulation of insulin signaling in the brain and liver. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome also plays an important role in various diseases, including diabetes. However, the mechanism of gut microbiota changes by diets and disease status remains elusive, so she is interested in studying the interactive effects of disease states, diet, and gut microbiota

Abstract:

Since gut microbiota influences obesity and bone mineral density, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may attenuate menopausal symptoms by modulating gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient animals. We investigated whether the long-term consumption of L. fermentum (probiotics) and cauliflower mushroom (prebiotics) would prevent and/or delay the progression of post-menopausal symptoms in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats with diet-induced obesity and explored their mechanisms of action. OVX rats were fed with high fat diets containing 1% dextrin (control), 1% lyophilized cauliflower mushroom plus 0.1% casein (CFM), 0.1% L. fermentum plus 1% dextrin (LFE), 1% CFM plus 0.1% LFE (CFLF), or 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol plus 1% dextrin (positive-control). CFM mainly contained β-glucans (about 95.8%). OVX exhibited impaired energy, glucose and lipid metabolisms and changed gut microbiome, and 17β-estradiol treatment prevented the impairment. Only CFLF lowered tail skin temperature without increasing serum 17β-estradiol and uterine index. CFLF and positive-control groups increased daily energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Dyslipidemia induced by OVX was improved by CFM and CFLF and CFLF prevented the dyslipidemia as much as in the positive-control group. Serum glucose levels and insulin levels were lower in CFLF as much as in the positive-control group. HOMA-IR was rather lower in CFLF than in the positive-control. Hepatic insulin signaling (pAktàGSK-3β) was also potentiated in the ascending order of the control, LFE, CFM, CFLF, and positive-control. AMPK phosphorylation showed similar patterns of hepatic insulin signaling but LFE increased it more than CFM. OVX increased the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the ratio of Actinobacteria plus Proteobacteria in the large intestines. The changes were prevented by CFLF as similar to the positive-control group. In conclusion, OVX changes gut microbiota and the changes were associated with menopausal symptoms and synbiotics of CFM and LFE prevented the gut microbiota and menopausal symptoms in estrogen-deficient animals.

Biography:

Weishuo Fang has graduated from Peking Union Medical College and awarded PhD degree in 1997. After two years' of Post-doctoral study in Florida State University, USA, he started his independent career in Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as a Professor. The major theme of his research lab in is medicinal chemistry and chemical biology of bioactive natural products. Two research directions have been actively pursued by him in the past decade: Drug discovery against three distinct targets, including microtubule (protein-protein interaction), beta-secretase (enzyme) and farnesoid X receptor (nuclear receptor), to pursue therapeutic agents with new chemo types and/or with superior activity; and construction of a natural product-inspired library based on the privileged structure concept and its application to drug discovery to improve the efficiency of hit/lead discovery.

Abstract:

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, has emerged as a key player in the control of multiple metabolic pathways. In May 2016, a steroidal FXR agonist obeticholic acid was approved by FDA for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in adults with an inadequate response to UDCA, or as a single therapy in adults unable to tolerate UDCA, validating the utility of FXR interacting agents in human. Extensive studies on the discovery of FXR ligands in the past 1-2 decades has resulted in the report of some steroidal (natural ligand like) and non-steroidal FXR ligands. However, serious side effects were encountered during the application of FXR full agonists to animals and patients with diabetes and liver steatosis, so FXR partial agonists and antagonists have been actively pursued as alternatives to full agonists, although their number and structural diversity are still limited. Most of reported FXR antagonists to date are still steroidal molecules, including the first known antagonist guggulsterone (Fig.1), in addition to a few synthetic non-steroidal ones. In the pursuit of new chemo type of FXR interacting agents from natural products, we found some chalcones and pentacyclic triterpenes as FXR antagonists or coactivators. Further chemical manipulations were applied to optimize their pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) properties. Some benzopyrenes (Ia), benzoxepines (Ib), and substituted triterpenoids (II) were found as potent FXR antagonists, demonstrating hypolipidemic activity and hepatic protection ability in diabetic KKAy mice. These studies demonstrated natural products derived FXR antagonists could exert pharmacological activity in mice safely, which are of potential for the metabolic disease treatment.

Biography:

Tistaya Semangoen has completed her PhD in 2009 from the Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University and Post-doctoral studies from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. She is a Lecturer in the Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Thailand. She is an Assistant Dean of Student Affairs, Burapha University, Thailand. She has expertise in Proteomic Technology and Kidney Stone Pathogenesis

Abstract:

Black sticky rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) is a local colored-rice in the North and Northeast of Thailand. It contains high amount of antioxidants which can prevent chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, kidney stone and heart disease. However, the role of Thai black sticky rice in kidney stone disease remains not clarified. Renal stone is a common public health problem worldwide. The mechanism of stone formation is crystallization of calcium oxalate ions, growth, aggregation and adhesion to renal epithelial cells. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the most common stone in patients. Thai black sticky rice was extracted with 75% ethanol and freeze dried. We examined the effects of crude extract on COM crystal growth and aggregation. COM crystals were prepared in 24-well plates by mixing calcium chloride and NaOx in artificial urine. COM crystals were generated in the absence (control) or presence of rice extract at various concentrations 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 µg. The generated crystals were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. Crystal adhesion was examined by adding COM crystals in condition with/without rice extract on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells. All of the experiments were independently performed in triplicate. The number of crystals was compared by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that Thai black sticky rice extract were significantly decreased COM crystal growth, aggregation and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner comparing with control (p<0.05). The microscopic images showed that the rice extract decreased crystal size and aggregated configurations. Interestingly, the rice extract can decrease COM crystal adhesion to renal epithelial cells, which is a critical step of kidney stone formation. Our data provide the first evidence to demonstrate the effects of Thai black sticky rice extract on kidney stone formation, particularly, COM crystal growth, aggregation and adhesion. This extract contains substances that decrease COM crystal formation which might be beneficial in preventing kidney stone formation. Moreover, these findings may provide the information leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Biography:

Yongsub Yi has expertise in natural products research in Cosmetic Science. He is experienced in the evaluation of the materials as ingredients in cosmetics, and also gives lectures on cosmetic materials and natural products in the Department of Cosmetics Science, Hoseo University, South Korea

Abstract:

This study was to confirm the effects of anti-melanogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects from Opuntia humifusa fruit and stem extracts. A potent anti-oxidant activity was showed from the leaf extract at IC₅₀ value of 38.33±1.07 μg/mL and fruit extract at IC₅₀ value of 40.23±2.21 μg/mL by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Also, phenolic contents were confirmed through total phenolic assay by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fraction of taxifolin from leaf extract was identified using HPLC and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The extracts of Opuntia humifusa fruit and stem were confirmed about toxicity effect in B16 F1 by cell viability. It was also observed that the melanin contents were decreased. Opuntia humifusa fruit and stem extracts had a positive effect on melanin synthesis inhibition for skin whitening. In investigating the anti-inflammatory activities of Opuntia humifusa, the results of cell viability indicated that taxifolin did not show any cytotoxicity effect on RAW264.7 cells at 500 μM of concentration. The result show that taxifolin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitrite oxide (NO). In addition, taxifolin indicated the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 productions by cytokine assay and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions by Western blot analysis, meaning that taxifolin had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Our results suggested that taxifolin from Opuntia humifusa has anti-melanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activities. 

Biography:

Hye Jin Jung is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University from 2014. She received her PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology from Sejong University in 2006. She started her Post-doctoral studies at Yonsei University in the area of Chemical Biology. In 2008, she was appointed as a Research Professor of Yonsei Biomolecule Research Initiative (YBRI). She was a Senior Fellow at the Institute for Refractory Cancer Research (IRCR), Samsung Medical Center from 2012 to 2014. She is currently working on discovering novel bioactive small molecules from natural products and deciphering their molecular action mechanisms.

Abstract:

Discovery of novel biologically active natural products and understanding their modes of action are crucial processes for their development into clinical drugs. The goal of this study is to explore a new natural lead compound for anticancer therapy. Nargenicin A1 is an effective antibacterial compound produced by Nocardia spp. CS682 and exhibits significant activity against various Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, novel derivatives of nargenicin A1 were created using a synthetic biology platform. In this study, we performed comparative analysis of the anticancer activities of nargenicin A1 and its derivatives. Among them, an analog significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, this study evaluates in vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of a novel nargenicin A1 derivative as well as deciphers its cellular action mechanism.

Biography:

Aathishree Vanji Paramasivan is a second year student at the University of East London. She was given the opportunity to research and write her first summer project paper in Kongunada Arts and Science College and was under the supervision of Dr. R Thirugnanasampandam and Dr. Krishnakumari.

Abstract:

Pleurotus florida is a delicious edible mushroom cultivated on commercial scale in various parts of world. Methanol extract of P. florida was tested for its hepatoprotective and gene expression activities. Inflammation was induced in hepatocytes of BALB/c mice with 1.5 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/25 g body weight followed by treatment with different concentrations of methanol extract of P. florida showed hepatoprotective activity. However 125 µg concentration of mushroom extract showed high hepatoprotection with no abnormalities. Total RNA of hepatocytes were isolated and RT-PCR was performed to study the down regulation of iNOS. At 125 µg concentration mushroom extract significantly reduced the expression of upregulated iNOS at transcriptional level. The findings of the present study indicate that P. florida is not only a nutritionally valuable food it is also an important source for therapeutic compounds.

Biography:

Shih-Min Hsia has received his PhD from National Taiwan University in 2006. Currently, he is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. He has authored 32 research articles. He is a member of Society of Adaptive Science in Taiwan and Society for Study of Reproduction (USA).

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Uterine leiomyoma (UL) are benign uterine tumors and the most notable pathophysiologic feature is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fucoidan is a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds, possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect. The aim was to study the effect of fucoidan on the growth of UL activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: ELT-3 uterine fibroids cells viability was determined by MTT method, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were stained with PI only or annexin V-FITC and PI, expressions of TβR-I, TβR-II, p-Smad2, Smad2/3, and fibronectin proteins was assayed by Western blot assay, cellular migration was assayed by wound healing assay, localizations of fibronectin were assayed by immunofluorescence analyses in each treatment group.

Findings: Treated ELT-3 cell with 0.5-2 mg/mL fucoidan from the brown alga Saccharina cichorioides and observed that fucoidan caused 50% growth inhibition with the high dose of 2 mg/ml after 48 h. Fucoidan induces sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Fucoidan down-regulated TβR-II, p-Smad2 protein levels and significantly inhibits migration and fibronectin localization in TGF-β1-induced ELT-3 cells.

Conclusion & Significance: Fucoidan displays anti-proliferation, anti-fibrotic effects and exerts protective effects against the UL development.

Biography:

Terry Roberts obtained his PhD in biotechnology from Kings College London He is working within the field of human molecular genetics and cancer for over 20 years. During his career he made significant contributions towards research into several cancer types including neuroblastoma, melanoma, leukaemia, prostate and breast cancer. He involved in the cloning and analysis of the novel genes GFI-1, NB4S, TRNG10, PCTA-1 HGRG8, and TTC4 and extensive knowledge of cancer genetics in the field of natural medicine and translational biology to help elucidate pathways through which natural products work.  

Abstract:

Statement of the problem: Annonaceous acetogenins extracted from plants of the genera Annona, which includes the species Annona muricata (also known as soursop, graviola and guanabana) are known to have anti-cancer properties. Several published articles, dating back as far as the 1990’s, have shown that acetogenins extracted from the leaves, fruit and seeds can kill breast, prostate, pancreas, skin and liver cancer cells in vitro and invivo.  CRUK has mentioned that there have not been any large scale studies in humans on the use of graviola for cancer therapy and no substantial evidence of its anti-cancer activity exists. Therefore our aim is to identify and purify the most active anti-cancer product in crude soursop extracts.  We will then test these products on normal and cancer cell lines. 

Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: An extract was prepared from crushed soursop seeds, it was then subjected to flash chromatography. 6 separate extract fractions were identified.  These fractions were tested for bioactivity against the breast cancer cell line 21NT and a normal cell line, HMEC.  We found that fractions II and III were approximately 10⁶x more active against cancer cells. HPLC was then used to purify the active compound from fraction II. The HPLC purified compound was then used to treat breast cancer cells for 48 hours, RNA and protein was extracted and used to identify targets that were modulated by the compound.  

Conclusion and Significance: This compound was shown to be a transcriptional inhibitor of EGFR and LDH, both of which are important for the rapid growth of cancer cells.

Biography:

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Abstract:

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence and behavior of self-medication among PNU students.

Methodology

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on PNU students, to whom an Arabic version of the questionnaire was used to collect the data.  Questionnaire included sections about sociodemographic data, behavior and experience of self-medication. Questions regarding health care system and student dorm influence on self-medication practices were included as well. IBM SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.  Descriptive and inferential statistics were done as indicated

Results

The prevalence of self-medication among PNU students was 82.6%, The majority reported the use of analgesics (73.5%) for headache and abdominal pain. Information were mainly accessed from internet and relatives (34.4% and 37.7%). Although 92.1% of participants found improvement of their condition, Yet 5.3% reported ER admission as a consequence of self-medication. Of note that 91% had health care availability, however the prevalence of self-medication is still high attributed to bad experiences or fear of infections.  Neither college type nor educational level showed impact on self-medication practices, living in a student dorm is thought to enhance self-medication among students.

Conclusion

Self-medication is prevalent among PNU students, College and educational level don’t seem to influence its prevalence. Poor experience with hospitals and living in student dorms are aggravating factors.

Biography:

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Abstract:

Researchers have developed several indices to estimate the significance of plants to humans. The evaluation of the cultural significance (CI) of plants in ethnobotanical studies is an essential quantitative method in various types of investigations, including research on folk uses and naming and classification of plants. An index of cultural significance was applied to data of 129 wild plants from the Soon Valley, and 63 highly useful plants were selected for the CI studies in this research article. In addition to CI, we used other quantitative methods, such as UR (number of use reports), UV (use value index), RFC (relative frequency of citation), RIs (relative importance index), and CV (cultural value index), for enthnobotanical and statistical analysis. The results showed a strong positive correlation between RFC/CI, CI/RIs (0.95) and a weak association between NU and RI at p<0.05 (n=261). The CI index indicated potential practical applications of each plant ranked according to the contribution of each separate application to survival in traditional cultures, together with estimates of intensity and exclusivity of use for each. A CI-based dendrogram clearly depicted closely related species in the same place in the cluster

Biography:

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Abstract:

Ethnopharmacology act as bridge among medical, natural, and social sciences with most of its research focusing on chemical, biological, and pharmacological sciences. Medicinal plants are a basic source of health care in the Pearl Valley, Poonch Azad, Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Although some ethnobotanical researches have been carried out in the district, the work reported here is the first field study on medical ethnobotany in Rawalakot area. Information about the therapeutic properties of the medicinal plants was collected from 46 laypeople and 18 herbalists by using an open ended and semi-structured questionnaire. The data about the use of plants was recorded into a synoptic table containing ethnobotanical inventory of plants, parts used, therapeutic indication and mode of application or administration. Different ethnobotanical indices were calculated in order to quantify the knowledge on the medicinal plants reported in the study. Our study recorded 136 species of medicinal plants belonging to 45 families. Asteraceae (14 species) was the dominant family in the area, followed by Lamiaceae (11 species), Fabaceae, and Rosaceae (5 species each). Herbaceous plants (55%) were the most used, with leaves (31%) as the most exploited plant part. Decoction (26 species), juice and powder (24 species each) were the most common methods of preparation. The highest use values (UVs) were reported for Berberis lyceum and Ajuga bracteosa (1.13 each), Abies pindrow (1.03), Prunella vulgaris and Adiantum capillus-veneris (1.00 each). Highest informant consensus (ICF) values were recorded for digestive system diseases (ICF=0.90), muscular and skeletal system diseases (ICF=0.89), and mouth/pharynx diseases and diabetes (ICF=0.86 each). When we compared data of this study with those of other studies carried out in neighboring areas, we observed that the percentage of similarity in uses of plant species ranged from 13.33% to 34.62% with an average value of 22.53%. The present study revealed the importance to document and launch list of all the possible plants that are used in phytotherapies in the unexplored study area. The present study is useful in preservation of indigenous knowledge and could attract future researchers to investigate and explore phytochemicals responsible for medicinal properties of these plants.

Biography:

Dr. Prakash Rambhauji Itankar, Ph.D., M. Pharm. (Pharmacognosy), D.N.Y.S. (Diploma in Naturopathy and Yogic Science), presently serving as Assistant Professor (Sr. Gr.) at Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur. He is a recipient of Prestigious “Ethnopharmacology Outstanding Service award 2015” of Society for Ethnopharmacology India   (Affiliated to International Society for Ethnopharmacology, UK). He has 06 yrs of Industrial and 16 years of academic experience. He has 40 National and International Publications, filed 04 patents, guided 09 students for Ph. D. He has guided 65 M. Pharm. Students and has Co-Guided several M. D. Ayurveda students. He is working for socializing the traditional claims through ethnopharmacology and scientific validation of drugs from natural origin or their formulations. He is also engaged in research for exploring new drug molecules, novel combinations, novel dosage forms, Seeking patents, imbibing entrepreneurship, supporting and bridging the gap of scientific ambiguity amongst the practitioners and end users. 

Abstract:

India is one of the 12-mega diversity regions in the world including 15 agro-climatic zones. It is also one of the world’s richest sources of biodiversity in terms of medicinal plants. With its uninterrupted living tradition of health care, it provides India with a tremendous opportunity to meet the growing national and international demand for herbal products. India has a vast potential to develop multiple products for nutritional, preventive, promotive and curative care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has compiled a global atlas of Traditional Systems of Medicine. The global atlas presents that traditional complementary alternative medicine continues to be widely used in almost all the countries across the world. If traditional medicine is adopted as a part of a global strategy for primary health care (PHC), it would then provide the people of India and all other countries with an opportunity to achieve universal health care.

Development of resistance to currently used drugs for management of infectious diseases has led to increased emphasis on the need for use of natural resources including plant materials as a reliable source of medicines for a wide variety of human ailments in order to achieve the goal of health for all. 

Biography:

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Abstract:

Many classical drugs are claimed to have blood sugar lowering properties that make them valuable for people with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Vijaysar (Pterocarpus marsupium) and Gaumutra (Indian cow urine) both have been shown antidiabetic property since primordial time and both shows synergistic effect in combination for hypoglycemic activity. The study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effects of the combination of Vijaysar and Gaumutra which is a classical preparation mentioned in Ayurveda named as Pramehari ark. Rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) given a high-fat diet for one month and compared with normal rats. Diabetic rats showed raised level of body weight, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and D-glucose concentration and other serum, cardiac and hypertrophic parameters in comparison of normal rats. After treatment of different doses of drug the level of parameters like TG, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and D-glucose concentration were found to be decreased in standard as well as in treatment groups. In addition, treatment groups also showed decrease in the level of serum markers, cardiac markers, and hypertrophic parameters. The findings demonstrated that Pramehari ark prevented the pathological progression of type 2 diabetes in rats

Biography:

Joyce Govinden-Soulange has completed her PhD from the University of Mauritius and Post-doctoral studies from University of Liege, Belgium. She is currently an Associate Professor in Biotechnology at the University of Mauritius and supervises doctoral students in the area of Natural Products research. She has authored more than 30 publications in the field of Medicinal Plant Research. 

Abstract:

Mauritius island is endowed with a rich and diverse endemic flora comprising 315 endemic plant species most of which are known in the traditional pharmacopoeia. Although, the endemic floristic wealth of Mauritius represents a reservoir of new biologically active ingredients; most species have not been scientifically validated for their bioactivities. Sideroxylon species and Diospyros species have been traditionally used for the treatment of microbial infections and minor ailments. The present study describes the phytomedicinal profile of these species and their bioactivity is unveiled through their antioxidant and antibacterial assays. Diospyros chrysophyllos exhibited the highest amount of phenolics (221 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and Diospyros boutoniana exhibited strong reducing power (946.22 mmol Fe2+/g extract). Promising antibacterial activity was noted with Sideroxylon puberulum and D. boutoniana (minimum inhibitory concentration of 39.06 and 78.125mg/ml) respectively. These results endorse the phytochemical and bioactive richness of Diospyros species endemic to Mauritius and reveal their potential for pharmacological exploitation. The genetic diversity of selected Sideroxylon species is also described to endorse their uniqueness as Mauritian endemic bioresources, as result we noted that the Mauritian endemic Sideroxylon species are genetically related to Argan oil tree.

Biography:

D G Pérez Ishiwara has completed his PhD from CINVESTAV-IPN and Post-doctoral studies from Berhard Nocht Institute, Hamburgo. He is the Director of Biomedicine Molecualr Laboratory, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. He has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

Skin wound healing progress is directed by complex coordination and interaction of several cell type soluble mediators and extracellular matrix. New alternatives for wound management have been sought. Previous results from our laboratory demonstrated that Bacopa procumbens Green Mill extract (BPE) enhance the wound healing process. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the molecular effectors and signaling pathway induced by BPE treatment in excisional in vivo model skin wound healing. Through immunohistochemistry and qRTPCR we evaluated the expression of molecular effectors and signaling pathways induced by the healing effect of BPE at 3, 5 and 7 days post-injury in vivo model. After 3 day BPE stimulates the expression of TGFb 1 (2.18±0.06), smad 2/3 (1.39±0.085) ERK 1/2 (1.72±0.047) phosphorylated, MMP9 (13.1±1.16) and a-SMA (2. 52±0.104), all of them involved in the healing process. Interestingly since 5 day, BPE improved collagen type I expression restoring the levels founded in normal skin. Our results showed that BPE regulates different wound healing molecular effectors through TGF-b expression that regulates effects on cell growth, differentiation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition; BPE effects suggests that it can regulates inflammatory phase by MMP9 overexpression, it also improved fibroblast differentiation and interestingly, BPE enhance extracellular matrix deposition.

Biography:

A Martínez Cuazitl is a PhD candidate in the Biomedicine Molecular Laboratory directed by D G Pérez Ishiwara at IPN, published more than 55 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute

Abstract:

Rapid healing of wounds is important to prevent infections and to reduce post-treatment side-effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be employed to enhance drug effects and to transport drugs₁. Our previous results demonstrated that extract of the Bacopa procumbens (BPE) improve wound healing process₂. Here we evaluated if BPE-AuNPs conjugation enhance the wound healing effects in vivo. Gold nanoparticles were synthetized and conjugated with BPE, the complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Then, we evaluated the morphometric effects of the AuNPs-BPE conjugates at different concentration, applied topically on the excisional in vivo wound healing model in male Wistar rat. The percentage of wound area at 7 days post-injuries were similar in those animals treated with 160mg/ml BPE than in those treated with BPE-AuNPs using 16 or 1.6 mg/ml BPE (14.77±1.16, 15.48±1.35 and 14.1±1.39, respectively), suggesting that nano-conjugation reduced 100 fold the BPE amount needed to have the same phenotypic effect. Gold nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with BPE. Topical application of BPE and BPE-AuNPs using 16 and 1.6 mg/ml enhance the wound healing process. These findings support the potential role of AuNPs as an adjuvant compound in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.

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Abstract:

Around seven percent of tribal population of India lives in Rajasthan. Rajasthan has rich cultural diversity and biodiversity. Ethno botany can be defined as the total natural and traditional relationship and the interactions between man and his surrounding plant wealth from times immemorial, due to sheer, necessity, intuition, observation and experimentation. Medicinal plants are valuable and are used for the production of various drugs. These plants produce a high diversity of natural products or secondary metabolites like Mahanimbicine, Andrographine, murrayaline, lupeol and limonin, etc., with a prominent function in the protection against diseases like diabetes, kidney stones, osteoporosis, tumors, ophthalmia, leucorrhoea, bronchial asthma, diarrhea, cancer, etc. The present report gives a count of traditional medicinal uses of common medicinal plants of Rajasthan. A total of 18 plant species belonging to 13 families are reported, that are being used for various purposes. For each plant necessary information like botanical name, family of plant species, local name and medicinal uses are given.

Biography:

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Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: The need of the domestic drug almost 90% comes from domestic products, but 96% raw materials are imported from China, India and Europe. One marine product which can potentially be used as raw material is astaxanthin contained in shrimp. The cheapest raw material to produce astaxanthin from shrimp wastes which can be obtained in large quantities in Indonesia. Waste of shrimp exported abroad back to Indonesia in the form of raw materials that have higher economic value. The aim of this study is to find an astaxanthin extraction method that is efficient and effective and can be applied in Indonesia.

Method: A method of extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp wastes is high pressure extraction with ethanol solvent. Method of extraction is carried out with the variation of pressure (0.1-600 MPa) and variations of time 1-20 minutes as well as solvent ratio of 10-50 mL/g. Advantages this method are higher extraction yield, required shorter extraction times, and better antioxidant activity. Stages of purification is done by the use of short chain alcohols, solvents evaporate, then wash the precipitate with short chain alcohols, solvent hydrocarbons or a combination of both.

Conclusion: The community is expected to use the astaxanthin products from the original raw material Indonesia as a supplement and antioxidant that are affordable and have the competitiveness. This will implies the improvement of autonomy in the provision of drug raw materials to face the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

Discussion: Astaxanthin is the most carotenoid in shrimp with a level between 39.5-92.2% of total carotenoids. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that can improves the function of vision, improves cardiovascular function, and can be used as cosmetics to slow down the aging process.

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Abstract:

This study was aimed at evaluating the biochemical effects and antioxidants activity of extracts of Vernonia calvoana Hook. f (V.C) on STZ induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six rats weighing (100-150 g) were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 representing normal and diabetic controls (NC and DC) respectively, receiving placebo, while groups 3-6 represented diabetic treated, receiving 500 mg/kg b.w metformin, 400 mg/kg b.w crude, n-hexane and methanol fractions of V.C, respectively. Treatment with drug and extracts of V.C showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in all experimental groups and was significant (p<0.05) on the 7^th day of the experimental period, compared to diabetic control. Progressive increase in body weight was observed in all experimental groups compared to DC group. A significant (p<0.05) increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities were recorded in all experimental treated animal compared to DC and NC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed to decrease significant (p<0.05) in all experimental groups compared to DC. Histopathologically, the changes in pancreatic integrity were consistent with that of biochemical findings. It may be concluded that, extracts of V.C possess potent ameliorative activity against STZ-induced diabetes, via a potential free radical mopping activity.

Biography:

Puongtip Kunanusorn, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. She has done her PhD from Chiang Mai University. She has published about 12 papers in many journals and has been serving as a reviewer of many well-known journals. Her research fields include pharmacological activities of medicinal plants, especially, anti-ulcer, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as toxicological studies (acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies).

Abstract:

Zingiber simaoense Y.Y.Qian is a member in the Zingiberaceae family.
In Thai traditional medicine, its rhizome has been used to relieve gastric disorders. The gastroprotective activity of Z. simaoense rhizome ethanol extract (ZSE) in experimental models in rats and some possible mechanisms to preserve gastric wall mucus have been reported. The aims of the present study were to find out the gastric healing activity of ZSE using acidified ethanol induced gastric ulcer model in rats, and to investigate more about the possible mechanisms of its gastroprotection using the methods of pretreatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) and a sulfhydryl (SH) compound blocker (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM) in rats. The results showed that ZSE at the dose of 240 mg/kg could accelerate the gastric ulcer healing when observed on day 4 and 8, after ulcer induction. Pretreatment with L-NAME or NEM could inhibit gastroprotective activity of ZSE. In conclusion, the present study shows the gastric healing activity of ZSE, and the possible mechanisms of gastroprotection of ZSE may also involve its cytoprotective effect through gastric mucosal NO and SH compounds.

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Abstract:

Phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from brown algae exhibit various beneficial biological activities. Sargassum tenerrimum  , marine brown algae were collected from Gulf of Mannar, Mandapam Island, India. Solvent extraction of phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from S. tenerrimumwas was carried out using chloroform: methanol: water in the ratio 4:2:1. The presence of phenol and fucoxanthin in extracts were analyzed qualitatively by phytochemical screening and confirmed by FTIR analysis.  Ferrous Reducing Antioxidant power (FRAP) of crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthin shows  reducing power of 0.098 ± 0.095 and  0.00216 ± 0.00 (g of ferrous sulphate equivalent/g of sample ). The IC₅₀ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of phlorotannin was found to be 820.2 ± 36.7 and  for fucoxanthin was found to be 726.75 ± 42.1 (µg/ml). Total antioxidant activity of crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthin was found to be 0.12 ± 0.002, 0.56 ± 0.028 g/of ascorbic acid equivalent/ g of sample), respectively.The results of total antioxidant power (TAP) assay, Ferrous Reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity suggested that crude phlorotannin and fucoxanthinare had appreciable antioxidant activity. The cell proliferation assay using prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) showed that the IC₅₀ value for phlorotannin and fucoxanthin was found to be 58±3.2 µg/mL and 60±2.8 (µg/mL) and the cytotoxicity is dose dependent. The phase contrast microscopic image of the phlorotannin and fucoxanthin treated PC3 cell lines showed shrinkage and other morphological abnormalities. The PC3 cells exhibited cellular DNA fragmentation when treated with  the extracted phlorotannin and fucoxnthin and the DNA fragmentation pattern was found to be similar  in the treated cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that phlorotannin and fucoxanthin suppressed the expression of BCL-2 (antiapoptotic protein) and enhanced the expression of Bax (proapoptotic protein)  with β-actin as a control in treated and control PC3 cells. The present study suggests that phlorotannin and fucoxanthin from marine brown algae could be explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents for anticancer therapy

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Abstract:

Traditional African Medicine (TAM) is one of the oldest and perhaps the most diverse of all medicine systems with different healing practices. Despite the growing attention given to traditional medicine (TM) worldwide, there is no well-known, publicly available, integrated bio-pharmacological TAM database for researchers in drug discovery. It is hypothesized that TAM database would offer comprehensive information relating to TAM-associated drugs, disease symptom, and protein relationships. TAM database will form an outline to accelerate novel drug discovery of many diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, sickle-cell anemia, diabetes, hypertension and mental disorders. TAM database is a platform to build up a bio-pharmacological TAM network to explore the potential active compounds, functional mechanisms and its targets for drug discovery. The idea to develop TAM database tools is unconventional because it will accelerate the development of new therapy for many tropical diseases by reducing the time consumed, money spent, and toxicity occurrence which are the causes of hurdles in drug development.

Biography:

Heru Chen has completed his Ph.D from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology with Prof. Richard K. Haynes as supervisor. He got postdoctoral training with Prof. Dr. Peter W. Schiller in the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Canada. Then he worked as a visiting scholar in Wuppertal University, Germany. Since March 2008, he has been a full-time professor and research director in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and serving as editorial board members of several reputed journals.

Abstract:

Aquilaria sinensis is the famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant in Guangdong, south China. The well-known medicinal part is the resin from Aquilaria sinensis, which is the response of the plant against external impairments. Therefore, the formation of resin is an incidental and lengthy process. This makes the resin very scarce and cherish. However, Aquilaria sinensis leaves are abundant and reproducible. The current report focused on the isolation of flavones and flavonoids, the in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo regulation against external impairment of the plant. By applying means of solvent partition and various kinds of column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C-18 reverse phase HPLC, and HSCCC, on the basis of physical properties and spectra evidences, 12 flavones and flavonoids have been identified. The scavenging effects on nitrite of these compounds were determined. Compound Y1 (mangiferin) and Y2 (2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4, 6, 4'-trihydroxybenzo-phenone) were identified as the two most active compounds with scavenging rate 29.43%±0.74% and 24.56%±0.77% at the conditions of pH 3, 37℃, and 30 min duration, respectively. Furthermore, The in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition activities of 12 compounds were evaluated by MTT method, respectively. 7 of them were demonstrated good inhibitory activity against DU145、PC-3, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, respectively. It was indicated preliminarily that these compounds may be used as the candidates for developing anti-cancer drug. Most interestingly, as one secondary metabolite, injection of genkwanin with moderate concentration (0.5mM) exhibited significant protective effect against external mechanical and chemical injuries to Aquilaria sinensis plants. Five differential expressed proteins including Armadillo repeat-containing kinesin-like protein-1 (PT/ST promoter) and Tetrathionate response regulatory protein TtrR (TC/MG promoter) were identified using differential proteomics analysis method, and the regulation mechanism of genkwanin against the external impairments of Aquilaria sinensis plants has been demonstrated preliminarily. It is suggested that genkwanin play an important role in defense of external plant impairment.

Figure 1.   Flavones ans flavonoids from the wild Aquilaria sinensis leaves

Figure 2. Genkwanin protects external impairment of Aquilaria sinensis plant           

Biography:

Khetbadei L H Hadem has completed her PhD in Biochemistry from North Eastern Hill University, India. She is currently working as a Post-doctoral Fellow under the UGC-PDF scheme in the Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India. She has attended workshops and has presented papers in seminars and conferences. Her technical expertise includes maintenance and ethical handling of laboratory animals and cell cultures, enzymology, molecular biology, microscopy, standard chromatography procedures, and working with modern advanced scientific instruments. Her current work involves chromatographic profiling and characterization of plant active compounds and assessing the anticancer properties in human cancer cell lines through gene expression and protein expression analysis.

Abstract:

Traditional healthcare system is widely practiced in rural areas of India. Aristolochia tagala is one among the plants used by several traditional practitioners in different herbal preparations for treatment of cancer and other pathophysiological conditions. Our previous studies have reported the chemo-preventive potential of crude aqueous-methanol extract of A. tagala against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BALB/c mice. The identification of biologically active compounds can give an insight into the mechanism of action of A. tagala as a potential anticancer drug. In this study, the crude methanol extract of A. tagala was fractionated by column chromatography. The fractions were further validated for their antioxidant property by their ability to scavenge free radicals such as superoxide, nitric oxide and ABTS radical cation. The preliminary cytotoxic effect of the plant as well as the fractions against cancerous cells was carried in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by colorimetric MTT metabolic activity assay. The fraction with λ max 323, 290, 258 nm showed the highest scavenging activity. The fraction also showed a more efficient cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. The 50% inhibition of proliferation by the fractionated compounds was at lower dose compared to crude extract. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and apoptotic events induced by fractions and crude extract is being carried out. Purification and characterization of above fraction with anticancer compounds are underway. 

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Abstract:

The adverse side-effects associated with chemotherapy during cancer treatment have shifted considerable focus towards therapies that are targeted but devoid of toxic side-effects. In the present study, the antitumorigenic activity of thuja, the bioactive derivative of the medicinal plant Thuja occidentalis, was evaluated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying thuja-induced apoptosis of functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells were elucidated. Our results showed that thuja successfully induced apoptosis in functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells. Abrogation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevention of p53-activation, knockdown of p53 or inhibition of its functional activity significantly abridged ROS generation. Notably, under these conditions, thuja-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis was reduced, thereby validating the existence of an ROS-p53 feedback loop. Elucidating this feedback loop revealed bi-phasic ROS generation as a key mediator of thuja-induced apoptosis. Thuja-induced generation of ROS at the first phase was instrumental in ensuring activation of p53 via p38MAPK and its nuclear translocation for transactivation of Bax, which induced a second phase of mitochondrial ROS to construct the ROS-p53 feedback loop. Such molecular crosstalk induced mitochondrial changes i) to maintain and amplify the thuja signal in a positive self-regulatory feedback manner; and ii) to promote the mitochondrial death cascade through cytochrome c release and caspase-driven apoptosis. These results open the horizon for developing a targeted therapy by modulating the redox status of functional p53-expressing mammary epithelial carcinoma cells by thuja.

Biography:

Oluwakemi Osunderu has her expertise in evaluation medicinal products and passion in improving the health and wellbeing. Her evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new pathways for improving healthcare. She has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both ion the field and education institutions. The FEDCAM is an Agency of the Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract:

Medicinal plants are used to address the twin problems of promoting sustainable livelihoods and treatment of numerous illnesses in Nigeria. The study examined the medicinal value of forest products in the treatment of cancer in South-west Nigeria. Primary data was obtained in a cross section survey of 327 respondents comprising 127 Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs), 100 Orthodox Medicine Practitioners (OMPs) and 100 respondents from the General Public drawn by multistage sampling technique from the study area. Interview schedule was used in collection of data on the effectiveness of forest products in cancer treatment. Economic tools of Gini coefficient and budgetary analysis were equally used in the analysis to show income inequality in the market and profit making by TMPs. The contribution of forest products to health care in terms of cancer treatment was evaluated through income, profit and production cost. The result showed that seven species were identified belonging to seven different families; Rutaceae, Asteraceae, Anarcardiaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, Guttiferaceae and Leguminaceae topped the TMPs priority list. Result of economic analysis shows minimal competition in the anti-cancer forest product market and a high level of monopoly with a Gini coefficient of 0.83. The rate of return on investment was 180 .08% indicating that the TMPs were making profit. Five of the plants were tested against cancer cell lines MCF7 and Hs578T while Doxorubicin (a synthetic anticancer drug) was used as the control treatment. Three plants; Saccharum offinarum (Stem), Sucurinega virosa (Root) and Piper guineensii (Seed) produced no result; Garcinia kola (Bark) did not exhibit any anticancer effect even at a concentration of 10u1/m1 while only one plant species was effective against the cancer cell line at 1u1/m1. It is therefore concluded that forest products are effective in treatment of cancer.

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Abstract:

Objective: Research was conducted to find out the cytoprotective role of T. officinale against the injuries of the tissues induced by carbon tetrachloride.

Material & Methods: Different fractions of the plant were used in vitro and in vivo biological assays. Furthermore, in order to evaluate anti-tumor activity, experimental animals were grouped into 10 batches of 12 male rats in each group. Control group (Group 1), normal water and food were given; and Group II were subjected to dose of chemicals used as a vehicle drugs. Group III all rats of this group (n-12) were injected intraperitoneally with CCl₄ (8 mL/kg of rat b.w.) mixed with olive oil in proportion of 0.5:4.5 once a week for 18 weeks.  All rats of this group (Group IV) were treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. of rutin (50 mg of rutin in 4 mL of DMSO) as positive control (reference drug) (Group V) were treated by CCl₄ (8 mL/kg of animal b.w.) dissolved with olive oil in proportion of 0.5:4.5. After 48 hours, the methanol plant extract and n-hexane extract dissolved in DMSO was given orally once a week for 18 weeks with proportional increase of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg for (Group V), (Group VI), (Group VII), (Group VIII) and for (GroupIX ), (Group X) only plant extracts in methanol and n-hexane.

Results: Histopathological and biochemical study is also evident for the protective effects of T. officinale. CCl₄ group showed the severe damages to the tissues and tumor related changes whereas, at the same time, the leaf extracts of T. officinale in methanol and n-hexane prevent the tissue injuries and maintain the normal histological features of the tissue. Biochemical study also reflected the same preventive effects of T. officinale extracts. The protein level was increased, while the activity of CAT, POD and SOD was decreased in the CCl₄ group as related to control and T. officinale extracts ingested groups.

Biography:

V Saio has completed her PhD in Biochemistry from the North Eastern Hill University, India. She is presently working as a Young Professional-II in the Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India. She has attended and presented papers in seminars, published four papers in national and international journals. She has strong domain knowledge with experiences in a wide range of laboratory techniques including enzymology, molecular biology, bioassay development, cell culture and handling of modern advanced scientific instruments. Her current work involves bioassay study of medicinal plants of North Eastern region of India in relation to their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial properties, antiviral properties, anticancer properties and subsequent chemical analysis of the plants to isolate and identify active principles

Abstract:

Rhododendron arboreum, traditionally used as a folk remedy by the people of North-East India was investigated for its effects on apoptotic induction and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Study of the gene expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation was carried out using real time PCR technique. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxic effect of aqueous-methanol extract of R. arboreum was determined. Treatment with the plant extract showed distribution of cells between late apoptotic and necrotic phases and caused cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase. R. arboreum extract up-regulated the gene expression of caspase 8, caspase 9, caspase 3, p53 and p21, thus indicating a switching on of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways resulting in DNA damage which in-turn up-regulated p53. There was significant down-regulation in the gene expression of G₀/G₁ phase-related proteins CDK 1, cyclin B1, CDK 4 and cyclin D1 in comparison to untreated HeLa cells, inferring an inhibitory action of the plant extract on the cyclin dependent kinases and activation of cell cycle check-points. Results demonstrated that R. arboreum could be a potential anti-cancer agent by its mechanism of inducing apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells.

Biography:

Muyiwa Arisekola is a Student Researcher. He finished his Bachelor of Technology degree in Pure and Applied Chemistry. His vision is to parlay his passion for Organic Chemistry into a career in Natural Products Chemistry with a view to drastically minimizing the side effects associated with the use of drugs in the management of diseases.

Abstract:

Anti-inflammatory activity of the volatile oil of Raphia australis pulp: This is a measure of the ability of the volatile oil of Raphia australis to inhibit inflammation and thus be used in the management of inflammatory disorders. Inflammation is the immune response of the body to thermal, mechanical, microbial or chemical injury. The volatile oil of Raphia australis was extracted in hexane using Clevenger apparatus, after which the GC-MS analysis of the oil was carried out. The anti-inflammatory test was done using four groups (1, 2, 3, and 4) of rats comprising six rats per group. Group one were administered normal saline (0.09% v/v NaCl) while group1, 2 and 3 were administered 40 mg/kg (volatile oil), 80 mg/kg(volatile oil) and 100 mg/kg aspirin, respectively. Inflammation was induced in all the groups using lipopolysaccharide thirty minutes after treatment by gavage. The major constituents obtained from the GC-MS analysis of the volatile oil are: n-hexadecanoic acid (34.0%), tetradecanoic acid (9.5%), terpinolone (9.1%), dodecanoic acid (9.6%), hotrienol (8.8%), alpha-terpine-1,4-diene ( 8.0%), trans-benzalacetone (8.2%), lauric acid (9.6%). It can be concluded that the 80 mg/kg dose of the oil showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect (P<0.01) when compared to 100 mg/kg of aspirin (P<0.01). The analgesic activities of aspirin (P<0.05) and the 80 mg/kg dose (P<0.05) of the oil were only significant in the inflammatory phase of the analgesic test. This work, therefore, justifies the use of hexadecanoic acid- rich oil in the management of arthritis in Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine.

Biography:

Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi has completed his PhD from the University Malaya, Malaysia. He is the Director of Center of Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery. He has published more than 12 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Supervisor for more than ten students for master and PhD program. His research interests are: Isolation, structure elucidation of bioactive natural products compounds by spectroscopic techniques NMR, IR, UV, MS, and CD from medicinal plants with emphasis on anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity.

Abstract:

Phytochemical investigation of C. zedoaria resulted in the isolation of 21 compounds. Isolated compounds include 18 sesquiterpenes and three labdane diterpenes. Various chromatographic techniques were used for the detection and isolation of the compounds. Extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR, IR, UV, GC-MS, LC-MS were used for the identification of the isolated compounds. Isolated compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective assays. Curcumenol and dehydrocurdione showed the highest protection (100%) against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in NG108-15 cells at the concentrations of 4 and 8 µM, respectively. In the oxygen radical anti-oxidant capacity assay, zerumbone epoxide showed the highest antioxidant activity with a Trolox equivalent (TE) of 35.41 µM per 100 µg of sample. In the MTT based cytotoxicity assay against four cancer cell lines (Ca 41 Ski, MCF-7, PC-3 and HT-29), curcumenone and curcumenol displayed strong anti-proliferative activity (IC₅₀ 8.3 and 9.3 µg/ml, respectively). A quantum chemical study was performed to investigate their relationship with cytotoxic activity and revealed that the dipole moment (µ), molecular volume (V), molecular area (A), polarizability (α) and hydrophobicity (log P) are the most important descriptors that influence the cytotoxic activity of the compounds under investigation. The two most active compounds; curcumenol and curcumenone were investigated for their binding to human serum albumin (HSA). The spectroflurometric analysis, in conjunction with molecular docking study suggested that both curcumenol and curcumenone could bind to binding sites I and II of HSA with intermediate affinity while site I was the preferred binding site for both molecules.

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Abstract:

 On a pilot plant scale, water extracts of marine biomass or plants were processed using an extraction–concentration procedure achieved in a three-step process, including ultrasound-assisted water extraction followed by cross-flow microfiltration of the crude extract and its concentration by reverse osmosis. As the processing conditions were milder than for homemade preparations, the extract obtained was enriched in natural leaf flavonoids. At each step of the pilot plant process, the co-products obtained were analyzed for total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents by the UV–vis spectrophotometric method. The process allowed a better leaf water-extraction of polyphenol compounds than the homemade extraction. The crude extract was concentrated 28 times (v/v) at room temperature by membrane volume reduction, and the total content of polyphenol compounds of the concentrated extract was 17 times higher than those of the crude extract. Individual polyphenol compounds were characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis at _max = 325 nm. Additional structure characterization was carried out for the two major flavonoid compounds found (65% of total HPLC-DAD peak area of the flavones-type compounds) in the water extracts by tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS2) and by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR).

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Abstract:

Abstract

Homeopathic remedies are reported to have healing potential for various diseases including cancer although the mechanism underneath their anticancer effect has remained unexplored. To this end we attempted to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of the homeopathic remedy, Calcarea carbonica and simultaneously investigated the detail molecular mechanism underlying this drug-induced tumor regression.

Results

Interestingly, although Calcarea carbonica administration to Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC)- and Sarcoma-180 (S180)-bearing Swiss albino mice resulted in 30-35% tumor cell apoptosis, it failed to induce any significant cell death in ex vivo conditions. These results prompted us to examine whether Calcarea carbonica employs the immuno-modulatory circuit in asserting its anti-tumor effects. In tumor-bearing mice, there was profound depletion of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells in peripheral blood, the dominance of type-2 T helper cells and inhibition of T cell proliferation. Calcarea carbonica, in turn, prevented such loss of effector T cell repertoire, reversed type-2 cytokine bias and attenuated tumor-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation in tumor-bearing host. To confirm the role of immune system in Calcarea carbonica-induced cancer cell death, a battery of cancer cells were co-cultured with Calcarea carbonica-primed T cells. Our results indicated a "two-step" mechanism of the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by Calcarea carbonica, i.e., (1) activation of the immune system of the host; and (2) induction of cancer cell apoptosis via an immunomodulatory circuit in a p53-dependent manner by down-regulating Bcl-2: Bax ratio. Bax up-regulation resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and cytochrome c release followed by activation of caspase cascade. Knocking out of p53 by RNA-interference inhibited Calcarea carbonica-induced apoptosis thereby confirming the contribution of p53.

Conclusion

These observations delineate the significance of immuno-modulatory circuit during Calcarea carbonica-mediated tumor apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified may serve as a platform for involving homeopathic inclusions into immunotherapeutic strategies for effective tumor regression. 

Biography:

Anupam Maurya has completed his PhD from Dr. R M L Avadh University. He has worked as a Research Scholar at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP). Currently, he is working as a Scientific Officer at Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and one US patent.

Abstract:

Natural products have been a key source for the discovery of new drugs. Isolation of the active components from a natural product has always been associated with complex separation problems due to the enormous chemical complexity of the extracts, but recent advances in separation sciences have facilitated the isolation of these active components from natural products. At present, the used adsorbents SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are not chemical inert. Separation of natural products on alumina or silica gel sometimes results in recovery of only 70-90%. Sometimes severe losses of valuable materials result because of irreversible adsorption on a solid support. In addition, isolation of artifacts has also been reported due to chemical reaction of the substrates with solid phase adsorbents. A fast centrifugal partition chromatograph (FCPC), which utilizes centrifugal force to enhance phase separation, provides a new dimension in the area of separation science. FCPC is based on liquid-liquid partitioning and is an excellent alternative to circumvent the problems associated with solid phase adsorbents and to preserve the chemical integrity of mixtures subjected to fractionation which provide recovery more than 90%. CPC relies on the partition of a sample between two immiscible solvents to achieve separation. The relative proportions of solute passing into each of the two phases are determined by the respective partition coefficients. CPC has been successfully used for the separation of a wide variety of natural products and synthetic molecules. We applied this method for the large-scale separation of alkaloids, steroidal glycoalkaloids, nitrile glycoside and the tri-terpenes.

Biography:

Subash Chandra Verma did her MSc in Pharma Chemistry and PhD in Chemistry from CCS University, India. He has worked as a Research Scholar at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) and Research Officer (Chemistry) at Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Currently, he is working as a Principal Scientific Officer at Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals, 03 US patents and 04 Indian patents. He has more than 15 year’s research experience.

Abstract:

Herbs and botanicals are used throughout developed and developing Countries as home remedies, dietary supplements, over-the-counter drug products and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and represent a substantial proportion of the global drug market. However, the quality control and quality assurance of herbs and botanicals still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. Herbs contain numerous active compounds responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a challenge in establishing the standardization of herbs and botanicals. It is therefore essential to develop internationally recognized pharmacopoeial standards of herbs and botanicals. Curcuma longa L. (Family Zingiberaceae) is a perennial herb commonly known as turmeric or Haldi. The major and most bioactive constituent of C. longa rhizome is curcuminoids possessing antioxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, wound healing, anticancer, antitumor, antiviral and anti HIV properties, etc. The lack of standardization and quality control C. longa is still being problem. It seems to be necessary to determine the maximum yield of curcuminoids in order to ensure the reliability and repeatability of pharmacological and biological activity to enhance product quality. Standardization of C. longa were carried out in respect of macro and microscopic characters, thin-layer chromatography, quantitative parameters (foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive and water-soluble extractive), other requirements (heavy metals, microbial contamination, pesticide residues and aflatoxins) and assay of markers. C. longa rhizome contains not less than 2.0% of total curcuminoids. Developed pharmacopoeial standard ensure its quality and safety as per international norms.

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Abstract:

The demand for herbal based product such as toothpaste is high these days. Consumers believed by using herbal based toothpaste are safe, effective and less toxicity because less and only safe chemical used as compared to the synthetically produced toothpaste. Therefore, this study was aimed to formulate and evaluate new polyherbal toothpaste which containing herbal extracts that used to treat periodontal problem. The polyherbal toothpaste was formulated using polyherbal extracts namely Neem, Pudina, Clove, Tulsi, Myrrh, Elachi, Sunthi. The formulations were subjected to various evaluation tests like pH, spreadability, abrasiveness, foaming ability, cleaning ability, fineness, moisture and volatile content, tube inertness, test for F, Pb, As and stability studies. The formulation showed very good anti-microbial profile during microbial assay. The formulated toothpaste showed potent inhibition against gram positive bacteria but not against gram negative bacteria. Thereby, it opens a window for future study to enhance the ability of the toothpaste and to prove the efficacy and safety of the formulated toothpaste.

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Abstract:

The biosynthesized Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most effective antimicrobial agents that are used in the medicine and pharmaceutics due to their outstanding optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic and properties. The detectable antimicrobial action of silver bionanoparticles on many microorganisms are reported.

 The main objective for undertaking the present study was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of the AgNPs by natural thermophilic Bacillus Sps. AZ1 and AZ2 that were isolated from a hot spring (Tata Pani) in Kotli AJK. Afterwards the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticle was evaluated against several human pathogenic organisms.

The biosynthesized AgNPs were confirmed visually by appearance of a dark brown color formation in the mixture as well as silver surface plasmon resonance band by using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The AgNPs were further characterized by SEM, EDX and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was investigated using Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Staphylococcus aureus, by applying disk diffusion method.

 Identification of the strains AZ1 and AZ2 by the 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 99% sequence homology between Bacillus megaterium and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The obtained UV-Visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ions, showed a peak at 435 nm which indicates a correspondence to the plasmon absorbance of the silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs were found to be in the size range of ~7-31 nm with spherical in shape.The antibacterial effect of the particles showed the highest inhibitory effect against the two strains; E. coli, and S. typhi, respectively.

The current study of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles offer a simple green synthesis process for the production of an extracellular nanoparticles which is environmental friendly. Biosynthesis of the AgNPs by a thermophilic bacillus Sps. from the hot spring (Tata Pani) in Kotli AJK with the highest similarity to Bacillusmegaterium and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are reported for the first time.